| 1999 Minority Employment Results Tables
Published: May 10, 1999
Last Updated: May 10, 1999
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Contents
Table A
Minority employment in daily newspapers: projections based on responses
to annual employment census (numbers rounded)
|
Total
Work Force |
Minorities In
Work Force |
% Minorities In
Work Force |
| 1978 |
43,000 |
1,700 |
3.95 |
| 1979 |
45,000 |
1,900 |
4.22 |
| 1980 |
47,000 |
2,300 |
4.89 |
| 1981 |
45,500 |
2,400 |
5.27 |
| 1982 |
49,000 |
2,700 |
5.51 |
| 1983 |
50,000 |
2,800 |
5.60 |
| 1984 |
50,400 |
2,900 |
5.75 |
| 1985 |
53,800 |
3,100 |
5.76 |
| 1986 |
54,000 |
3,400 |
6.30 |
| 1987 |
54,700 |
3,600 |
6.56 |
| 1988 |
55,300 |
3,900 |
7.02 |
| 1989 |
56,200 |
4,200 |
7.54 |
| 1990 |
56,900 |
4,500 |
7.86 |
| 1991 |
55,700 |
4,900 |
8.72 |
| 1992 |
54,500 |
5,100 |
9.39 |
| 1993 |
53,600 |
5,500 |
10.25 |
| 1994 |
53,700 |
5,600 |
10.49 |
| 1995 |
53,800 |
5,900 |
10.91 |
| 1996 |
55,000 |
6,100 |
11.02 |
| 1997 |
54,000
|
6,100
|
11.35
|
| 1998 |
54,700
|
6,300
|
11.46
|
| 1999 |
55,100
|
6,400
|
11.55
|
Table B
Numbers and percentage of minorities by race and job category, 1999
|
Blacks |
Hispanics |
Asians |
Native Americans |
|
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
| Supervisors |
582
|
20
|
352
|
18
|
194
|
15
|
58
|
24
|
| Copy/Layout Editors |
523
|
18
|
303
|
16
|
269
|
21
|
32
|
13
|
| Reporters |
1,573
|
53
|
917
|
48
|
563
|
45
|
121
|
50
|
| Photographers |
275
|
9
|
332
|
17
|
239
|
19
|
30
|
13
|
| Totals |
2,953
|
|
1,905
|
|
1,264
|
|
241
|
|
Table C
Numbers and percentage of whites and minorities by job category, 1999
|
Total
Work Force |
Minorities |
Whites |
|
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
| Supervisors |
13,335
|
1,186
|
8.9
|
12,149
|
91.1 |
| Copy/Layout Editors |
10,604
|
1,127
|
10.6
|
9,477
|
89.4 |
| Reporters |
25,254
|
3,174
|
12.6
|
22,080
|
87.4 |
| Photographers |
5,913
|
876
|
14.8
|
5,036
|
85.2 |
| Totals |
55,105
|
6,363
|
|
48,742
|
|
Table D
Percentage distribution of whites and minorities in job categories: 1978,
1990-1999
| |
Whites |
|
1978 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Reporters |
54
|
50
|
49
|
49
|
48
|
48
|
47
|
46
|
46
|
46
|
45
|
| Photographers |
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
| Copy/Layout Editors |
23
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
17
|
18
|
19
|
19
|
20
|
19
|
| Supervisors |
13
|
24
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
24
|
25
|
25
|
25
|
24
|
25
|
|
Minorities |
|
1978 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Reporters |
67
|
56
|
55
|
54
|
53
|
53
|
52
|
52
|
51
|
51
|
50
|
| Photographers |
13
|
14
|
13
|
14
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
14
|
| Copy/Layout Editors |
16
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
17
|
17
|
16
|
17
|
17
|
18
|
| Supervisors |
4
|
14
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
19
|
18
|
19
|
Table E
Percentage of newspapers in seven circulation categories employing minority
journalists: 1978, 1990-1999
|
1978 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Over 500,000 |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| 250,001 to 500,000 |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| 100,001 to 250,000 |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
| 50,001 to 100,000 |
77
|
89
|
93
|
94
|
94
|
91
|
91
|
93
|
95
|
97
|
92
|
| 25,001 to 50,000 |
46
|
68
|
70
|
68
|
72
|
72
|
74
|
73
|
75
|
79
|
78
|
| 10,001 to 25,000 |
23
|
43
|
45
|
44
|
50
|
50
|
49
|
45
|
50
|
52
|
54
|
| 10,000 and under |
12
|
21
|
24
|
25
|
24
|
23
|
25
|
30
|
27
|
31
|
32
|
Table F
Minority journalists as a percentage of the professional work force of
newspapers in eight circulation categories: 1980, 1990-1999
|
1980 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Over 500,000 |
7.2
|
13.3
|
14.1
|
15.6
|
16.1
|
17.1
|
17.3
|
17.2
|
17.3
|
17.0
|
17.3
|
| 250,001 to 500,000 |
6.4
|
11.6
|
12.0
|
13.3
|
14.3
|
15.4
|
15.7
|
15.7
|
16.2
|
16.8
|
17.8
|
| 100,001 to 250,000 |
6.3
|
8.7
|
9.8
|
10.4
|
11.8
|
11.8
|
12.3
|
13.1
|
13.1
|
13.2
|
13.6
|
| 50,001 to 100,000 |
5.6
|
7.9
|
9.1
|
9.3
|
10.3
|
10.0
|
10.9
|
10.6
|
11.3
|
11.0
|
10.8
|
| 25,001 to 50,000 |
4.2
|
5.0
|
5.4
|
5.7
|
7.0
|
6.9
|
7.1
|
7.2
|
7.1
|
7.6
|
7.6
|
| 10,001 to 25,000 |
3.1
|
4.7
|
5.3
|
5.7
|
6.5
|
6.1
|
5.8
|
6.1
|
7.0
|
6.9
|
6.5
|
| 5,001 to 10,000 |
2.4
|
4.0
|
4.8
|
4.5
|
4.9
|
5.0
|
5.3
|
6.3
|
5.1
|
5.9
|
5.6
|
| 5,000 and Under |
2.8
|
4.7
|
5.3
|
5.4
|
5.2
|
5.4
|
5.0
|
5.5
|
4.6
|
6.6
|
5.7
|
Table G
Percentage distribution of whites and minorities by circulation category:
1990-1999
|
White |
Minority |
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Over 500,000 |
11
|
11
|
12
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
10
|
9
|
9
|
19
|
19
|
22
|
17
|
18
|
18
|
17 |
17
|
13
|
14
|
| 250,001 to 500,000 |
11
|
11
|
11
|
13
|
13
|
14
|
14
|
15
|
18
|
16
|
17
|
16
|
17
|
19
|
20
|
22
|
22 |
23
|
26
|
26
|
| 100,001 to 250,000 |
22
|
22
|
20
|
20
|
21
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
19
|
19
|
24
|
25
|
23
|
23
|
24
|
23
|
24 |
24
|
22
|
23
|
| 50,001 to 100,000 |
6
|
16
|
17
|
17
|
15
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
17
|
17
|
15
|
16
|
15 |
15
|
16
|
15
|
| 25,001 to 50,000 |
17
|
16
|
15
|
16
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
10
|
10
|
9
|
10
|
10
|
9
|
10 |
9
|
10
|
10
|
| 10,001 to 25,000 |
15
|
16
|
15
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
15
|
15
|
15
|
16
|
9
|
9
|
9
|
10
|
9
|
8
|
8 |
9
|
9
|
8
|
| 5,001 to 10,000 |
7
|
6
|
6
|
2
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
7
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
3 |
3
|
3
|
3
|
| 5,000 and Under |
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
Table H
Percentage of minority journalists working for newspapers with circulations
above and below 100,000: 1978, 1981, 1990-1999
|
1978 |
1981 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
| Over 100,000 |
57 |
46 |
61 |
60 |
61 |
59 |
63 |
63 |
62 |
63 |
61 |
63 |
| Under 100,000 |
43 |
54 |
39 |
40 |
39 |
41 |
37 |
37 |
38 |
37 |
39 |
37 |
Table I
Numbers and percentages of minorities in first full-time professional
jobs: 1990-1999
|
1980 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
|
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
| Over 500,000 |
19
|
67.9
|
29
|
61.7
|
36
|
64.2
|
23
|
38.9
|
26
|
59.1
|
18
|
56.3
|
20
|
58.8
|
28
|
62.2
|
17
|
56.7
|
27
|
64.3
|
| 250,001 to 500,000 |
42
|
30.2
|
39
|
43.0
|
30
|
39.4
|
43
|
40.0
|
59
|
57.9
|
38
|
43.8
|
45
|
50.0
|
50
|
34.7
|
59
|
58.1
|
80
|
42.4
|
| 100,001 to 250,000 |
115
|
41.9
|
127
|
41.0
|
64
|
47.6
|
104
|
50.0
|
88
|
52.7
|
80
|
38.2
|
65
|
46.3
|
43
|
38.4
|
79
|
38.0
|
78
|
34.3
|
| 50,001 to 100,000 |
105
|
32.6
|
106
|
29.1
|
77
|
31.1
|
104
|
33.6
|
99
|
33.9
|
117
|
37.1
|
112
|
32.6
|
84
|
29.2
|
84
|
28.6
|
102
|
26.8 |
| 25,001 to 50,000 |
132
|
20.9
|
121
|
26.1
|
79
|
23.6
|
89
|
24.3
|
130
|
29.8
|
91
|
23.3
|
108
|
26.2
|
97
|
23.8
|
106
|
22.4 |
104
|
20.3
|
| 10,001 to 25,000 |
120
|
13.4
|
138
|
17.1
|
92
|
16.6
|
135
|
19.3
|
110
|
15.8
|
123
|
15.7
|
96
|
12.8
|
144
|
16.6
|
160
|
17.4
|
120
|
12.5
|
| 5,001 to 10,000 |
42
|
7.2
|
45
|
9.0
|
55
|
13.6
|
42
|
11.2
|
52
|
11.3
|
36
|
7.7
|
53
|
10.8
|
72
|
12.8
|
51
|
9.9
|
61
|
10.0
|
| 5,000 and Under |
15
|
8.4
|
25
|
11.6
|
13
|
8.3
|
13
|
8.3
|
9
|
6.2
|
11
|
6.7
|
11
|
6.9
|
11
|
5.0
|
31
|
15.8
|
14
|
6.7
|
| Totals |
590
|
19.3
|
630
|
22.5
|
446
|
22.7
|
553
|
24.2
|
572
|
24.4
|
513
|
21.0
|
510
|
21.0
|
530
|
20.1
|
586
|
21.5
|
586
|
18.7 |
Table J
Numbers and percentages of minorities in internships: 1990-1998
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997
|
1998
|
1999 |
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
No.
|
Pct.
|
| Over 500,000 |
124
|
42.5
|
125
|
46.3
|
118
|
53.9
|
82
|
46.3
|
90
|
47.6
|
94
|
44.6
|
108
|
55.1
|
93
|
55.0
|
41
|
36.0
|
57
|
41.3
|
| 250,001 to 500,000 |
108
|
37.6
|
130
|
43.3
|
135
|
50.9
|
134
|
50.4
|
129
|
51.7
|
154
|
50.2
|
163
|
52.5
|
173
|
46.9
|
160
|
45.3
|
166
|
49.2
|
| 100,001 to 250,000 |
226
|
39.1
|
230
|
40.2
|
186
|
50.0
|
222
|
49.3
|
205
|
47.4
|
214
|
47.1
|
203
|
48.6
|
211
|
43.8
|
217
|
45.2
|
193
|
45.0
|
| 50,001 to 100,000 |
214
|
37.0
|
229
|
44.4
|
222
|
48.0
|
190
|
46.8
|
212
|
44.4
|
207
|
44.4
|
173
|
42.3
|
139
|
35.5
|
152
|
35.8
|
150
|
30.5
|
| 25,001 to 50,000 |
136
|
25.1
|
128
|
28.8
|
118
|
34.1
|
149
|
35.1
|
131
|
36.5
|
118
|
29.6
|
153
|
33.7
|
125
|
33.5
|
136
|
33.9
|
104
|
23.4
|
| 10,001 to 25,000 |
102
|
21.9
|
100
|
21.1
|
97
|
26.8
|
108
|
27.4
|
116
|
25.6
|
94
|
22.0
|
74
|
19.5
|
78
|
19.5
|
119
|
24.2
|
117
|
23.0
|
| 5,001 to 10,000 |
31
|
11.3
|
22
|
10.4
|
35
|
15.6
|
24
|
13.8
|
29
|
18.1
|
25
|
11.9
|
33
|
14.8
|
29
|
14.0
|
22
|
9.9
|
55
|
19.9
|
| 5,000 and Under |
13
|
14.6
|
16
|
14.6
|
6
|
8.8
|
15
|
21.6
|
6
|
10.3
|
11
|
14.3
|
7
|
8.3
|
13
|
18.6
|
12
|
13.3
|
12
|
10.2
|
| Totals |
954
|
30.7
|
980
|
33.8
|
917
|
39.6
|
924
|
39.2
|
917
|
38.7
|
916
|
36.0
|
914
|
37.0
|
861
|
35.0
|
859
|
33.3
|
855
|
32.8
|
Table K
Regional Comparison of Minority Newsroom Employment, 1999
| Region |
Minority |
White |
Total |
Minority Percent |
East North Central
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin |
791 |
8,391 |
9,182 |
8.61 |
East South Central
Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee |
272 |
2,302 |
2,575 |
10.58 |
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania |
1,040 |
8,174 |
9,215 |
11.29 |
Mountain
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana,
New Mexico, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming |
359 |
3,027 |
3,387 |
10.61 |
New England
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont |
225 |
3,373 |
3,599 |
6.26 |
Pacific
Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon and Washington |
1,275 |
6,644 |
7,919 |
16.10 |
South Atlantic
District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia |
1,356 |
8,864 |
10,220 |
13.27 |
West North Central
Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota |
244 |
3,727 |
3,971 |
6.13 |
West South Central
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas |
743 |
4,267 |
5,010 |
14.83 |
Table L
Numbers and percentage of men and women by race, 1999
|
Blacks |
Hispanics |
Asians |
Native
Americans |
Whites
|
|
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
No.
|
Pct. |
| Men |
1,533
|
52
|
1,141
|
60
|
630
|
50
|
143
|
59
|
31,335
|
64
|
| Women |
1,420
|
48
|
764
|
41
|
634
|
50
|
98
|
40
|
17,407 |
36
|
| Totals |
2,953
|
|
1,905
|
|
1,264
|
|
241
|
|
48,742
|
|
Table M
Numbers and percentage of men and women by job category, 1999
|
Total
Work Force |
Men |
Women |
|
|
No. |
Pct. |
No. |
Pct. |
| Supervisors |
13,335
|
8,821
|
66.2
|
4,514
|
33.8
|
| Copy/Layout Editors |
10,604
|
6,331
|
59.7
|
4,273
|
40.3
|
| Reporters |
25,254
|
15,253
|
60.4
|
10,000
|
39.6
|
| Photographers |
5,913
|
4,376
|
74.0
|
1,536
|
26.0
|
| Totals |
55,105
|
34,781
|
|
20,323
|
|
Table N
Percentage distribution of men and women in job categories, 1999
|
Men |
Women |
|
1999 |
1999 |
| Reporters |
44
|
49
|
| Photographers |
13
|
8
|
| Copy/Layout Editors |
18
|
21
|
| Supervisors |
25
|
22
|
|
