Foreign relations of South Korea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Participants of the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit gather for a conventional "family photo".
South Korea

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
South Korea
Other countries · Atlas
Politics portal

The foreign relations of South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea) are South Korean relations with other governments.

South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with more than 188 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 2002 World Cup Soccer Tournament (co-hosted with Japan).

South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD, ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit (EAS), and G-20 major economies. It is also a founding member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit.

On January 1, 2007, South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon assumed the post of UN Secretary-General.

Contents

[edit] East Asia

[edit] Inter-Korean relations

Main article: North Korea–South Korea relations
See also: Inter-Korean Summit, June 15th North–South Joint Declaration, and Sunshine Policy

Inter-Korean relations may be divided into five periods. The first stage was between 1972 and 1973; the second stage was P'yongyang's delivery of relief goods to South Korea after a typhoon caused devastating floods in 1984; and the third stage was the exchange of home visits and performing artists in 1985. The fourth stage, activated by Nordpolitik under Roh, was represented by expanding public and private contacts between the two Koreas. The fifth stage was improved following the 1997 election of Kim Dae-jung. His "Sunshine Policy" of engagement with North Korea set the stage for the historic June 2000 Inter-Korean summit.

The possibility of Korean reunification has remained a prominent topic. However, no peace treaty has yet been signed with the North. In June 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place, part of the South's continuing Sunshine Policy of engagement. Since then, regular contacts have led to a cautious thaw. Kim Dae-jung's "Sunshine Policy" of engagement with North Korea set the stage for the historic June 2000 Inter-Korean summit. President Kim was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for the policy.

With that policy, continued by the following administration of Roh Moo-hyun, economic ties between the two countries have increased, humanitarian aid has been sent to North Korea, and some divided families have been briefly reunited. Military ties remain fraught with tension, however, and in 2002 a brief naval skirmish left four South Korean sailors dead, leaving the future of the Sunshine policy uncertain. The North cut off talks but the South remained committed to the policy of reconciliation and relations began to thaw again. The resurgence of the nuclear issue two years later would again cast relations in doubt, but the South has sought to play the role of intermediary rather than antagonist, and economic ties at the time seemed to be growing again.

Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by North Korean missile tests in 1993, 1998, 2006 and 2009. As of early 2009, relationships between North and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles,[1] ended its former agreements with South Korea,[2] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned.[3] As of 2009, North and South Korea are still opposed and share a heavily fortified border.[4]

On May 27, 2009, North Korea media declared that the armistice is no longer valid due to the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. To further complicate and intensify strains between the two nations, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010, killing 46 seamen, is as of May 20, 2010 claimed by a team of researchers around the world[5] to have been caused by a North Korean torpedo, which the North denies. South Korea agreed with the findings from the research group and President Lee Myung-bak declared in May 2010 that Seoul would cut all trade with North Korea as part of measures primarily aimed at striking back at North Korea diplomatically and financially.[6] As a result of this, North Korea severed all ties and completely abrogated the previous pact of non aggression.[7]

In November 2010, Unification Ministry officially declared the Sunshine Policy a failure, thus bringing the policy to an end.[8][9] On November 23, 2010, North Korean artillery shelled Yeonpyeong with dozens of rounds at Yeonpyeong-ri and the surrounding area.[10]

[edit] Japan

Main articles: Japan-Korea relations and Japanese-Korean disputes
Dokdo has become an issue known as the Liancourt Rocks dispute

The relation between South Korea and Japan has both political conflicts and economic intimacies. Examples of conflicts include the Sea of Japan naming dispute, visits by successive Japanese Prime Ministers to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the disputed ownership of Liancourt Rocks.

On January 18, 1952, The first president of South Korea Syngman Rhee declared that the vicinity of Liancourt Rocks was a territory of South Korea.(Syngman Rhee line) Subsequently, some 3,000 Japanese fishermen who conducted fishery operations in this vicinity were captured. This incident, called in the Dai Ichi Daihoumaru Ship case, strained relations between South Korea and Japan.

June 22, 1965, The president in South Korea Park Chung-hee concluded the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea. As a result, Japan considered South Korea to be a successor with a legitimate Korean peninsula.

South Korea's trade with Japan was US$ 892.1 million in 2008, with a surplus of nearly US$327.1 million on the Japanese side.[11] Japanese and South Korean firms often had interdependent relations, which gave Japan advantages in South Korea's growing market. A surge in imports of South Korean products into Japan in 1990 was partly the result of production by Japanese investors in South Korea.

In 1996 FIFA announced that the two countries would jointly host the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The next few years would see leaders of both countries meet to warm relations in preparations for the games.[12] The year 2005 was designated as the "Japan-South Korea Friendship Year".

However, the Liancourt Rocks controversy erupted again when Japan's Shimane prefecture declared "Takeshima Day", inciting mass demonstrations in South Korea.[13]

[edit] People's Republic of China

Main article: People's Republic of China-South Korea relations

Active South Korean-Chinese people-to-people contacts have been encouraged. Academics, journalists, and particularly families divided between South Korea and China were able to exchange visits freely in the late 1980s. Nearly 2 million ethnic Koreans, especially in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China's Jilin Province, have interacted with South Koreans.

Trade between the two countries continued to increase nonetheless. Furthermore, China has attempted to mediate between North Korea and the United States and between North Korea and Japan and also initiated and promoted tripartite talks—between Pyongyang, Seoul, and Washington.

South Korea had long been an ally of the Republic of China. Diplomatic ties between Seoul and Taipei were nevertheless severed in 1992. Formal diplomatic relations were established between Seoul and Beijing on August 24, 1992.

In 2004, the PRC government began the Northeast Project. This sparked a massive uproar in South Korea when the project was widely publicized.[14]

After the KORUS FTA (United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement) was finalized on June 30, 2007, the Chinese government has immediately begun seeking an FTA agreement with South Korea.[citation needed] The FTA between Korea and China are under discussion. South Korea has been running a trade surplus with China, which hit a record US$ 32.5 billion in 2009.[15][16]

[edit] Republic of China

Main article: Republic of China – South Korea relations

Republic of China–South Korea relations date back to 4 January 1949, four months after the formal establishment of the South Korean government, when the Republic of China set up an embassy in Seoul's Myeongdong district.

However, on 23 August 1992 the Republic of China government, by then only in control of the island of Taiwan and a few minor outlying areas, severed diplomatic relations with South Korea in advance of its announcement of formal recognition of the People's Republic of China based in Beijing. Yonhap News said in 2002 that since then, relations between the two governments have been "in a rut".[17]

[edit] Mongolia

Main article: Mongolia – South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 26, 1990. South Korea has an embassy in Ulan Bator.[18] Mongolia has an embassy in Seoul.[19]

[edit] United States

Main article: South Korea – United States relations
United States President Barack Obama and Lee walking after a meeting at the Blue House in Seoul in November 2010.

The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North Korea) from Japan after World War II. After three years of military administration by the United States, the South Korean government was established. Upon the onset of the Korean War, U.S. forces were sent to defend South Korea against invasion by North Korea and later China. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both.[20]

In 1967, South Korea obliged the mutual defense treaty, by sending a large combat troop contingent to support the United States in the Vietnam War. The U.S. Eighth Army, Seventh Air Force, and U.S. Naval Forces Korea are stationed in South Korea. The two nations have strong economic, diplomatic, and military ties, although they have at times disagreed with regard to policies towards North Korea, and with regard to some of South Korea's industrial activities that involve usage of rocket or nuclear technology. There had also been strong anti-American sentiment during certain periods, which has largely moderated in the modern day.[21]

Since the late 1980s, the country has instead sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to severe strains. Trade had become a serious source of friction between the two countries. In 1989, the United States was South Korea's largest and most important trading partner and South Korea was the seventh-largest market for United States goods and the second largest market for its agricultural products.

From Roh Tae-woo's administration to Roh Moo Hyun's administration, South Korea sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to some strains. In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was reportedly signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation has been repeatedly delayed, pending further approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries.

The relations between the United States and South Korea have greatly strengthened under the Lee Myung-bak administration. At the 2009 G-20 London summit, U.S. President Barack Obama called South Korea "one of America's closest allies and greatest friends." [22]

However, Anti-American sentiment in Korea is growing more intensification. The United States' alleged role in the May 1980 Gwangju uprising was the single most pressing South Korean political issue of the 1980s. Even after a decade, Gwangju citizens and other Koreans still blamed the United States for its perceived involvement in the bloody uprising. In 2008, the protests against U.S. beef has been a center of a major discussion in this year.

[edit] Russia

Main article: Russia-South Korea relations
Dmitry Medvedev meeting Lee Myung-bak at The Kremlin.

In the 1980s, South Korean President Roh Tae Woo's Nordpolitik and Mikhail Gorbachev's "New Thinking" were both attempts to reverse their nations' recent histories. Gorbachev had signaled Soviet interest in improving relations with all countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including South Korea, as explained in his July 1986 Vladivostok and August 1988 Krasnoyarsk speeches.

In initiating Nordpolitik, Roh's confidential foreign policy adviser was rumored to have visited Moscow to consult with Soviet policymakers. Kim Young Sam visited Moscow from June 2 to June 10, 1989, as the Kremlin announced that it would allow some 300,000 Soviet-Koreans who had been on the Soviet island of Sahkalin since the end of World War II to return permanently to South Korea. Moscow even arranged Kim's meeting with the North Korean ambassador to the Soviet Union. In June 1990, Roh held his first summit with President Gorbachev in San Francisco.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, South Korea and Russia established diplomatic ties in 1991. Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Seoul in February 2001, while South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun visited Moscow in September 2004.[23][24]


South Korea is currently selecting its first astronaut, scheduled to board a Soyuz flight to the International Space Station in April 2008[dated info]. South Korea plans the first domestic launch of a satellite in 2008, with Russian assistance. The aerospace institute is spending about 20 billion on on the astronaut project, including Russian fees.[25]

Since the 1990s there has been greater trade and cooperation between the two nations. The total trade volume between South Korea and Russia in 2003 was 4.2 billion US dollars.[26]

[edit] European Union

The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. The free trade agreement has been approved in September 2010, following Italy's conditional withdrawal of its veto of the free trade agreement.[27] The compromise made by Italy was that free trade agreement would take provisional effect on July 1, 2011. South Korea is the EU's eighth largest trade partner, and the EU has become South Korea's second largest export destination. EU trade with South Korea exceeded €65 billion in 2008 and has enjoyed an annual average growth rate of 7.5% between 2004 and 2008.[28]

The EU has been the single largest foreign investor in South Korea since 1962, and accounted for almost 45% of all FDI inflows into Korea in 2006. Nevertheless, EU companies have significant problems accessing and operating in the South Korean market due to stringent standards and testing requirements for products and services often creating barriers to trade. Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with Korea, the EU is seeking to improve this situation.[28]

[edit] Diplomatic relations

Diplomatic relations of South Korea.png

[edit] Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan 2002-01-01 See Afghanistan – South Korea relations
  • The 2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan was a major event in relations between the two countries. Two hostages were killed, and after the safe release of the remaining hostages, a Taliban official announced that South Korea had paid the Taliban more than US$20 million in ransom.[29] However, South Korea stated that they have made a promise with the Taliban not to make any public statements about the ransom.[30]
 Bangladesh 1973-12-18
  • Bangladesh is the nation which established both relations among two Koreas. North Korea made its official diplomacy with Bangladesh in 1973.
  • In 1974, South Korea opened its embassy in the capital Dhaka while her counterpart in 1987.[31]
  • In 2008, Ministry of Justice of South Korea ceased the protocol of visa exemption. It is decided in that illegal residents from Bangladesh have been over 13,000 through South Korea. Both nations should get permission from each country to enter from July 15, 2008.[32]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$1.2 billion.[33]
 India 1973-12-01 See India – South Korea relations
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries has been relatively limited, although much progress arose during the three decades. Since the formal establishment of the diplomatic ties between the two countries in 1973, several trade agreements have been reached: Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Cooperation in 1974; Agreement on Cooperation in Science & Technology in 1976; Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985; and Bilateral Investment Promotion/ Protection Agreement in 1996.
  • Trade between the two nations has increased exponentially, exemplified by the $530 million during the fiscal year of 1992–1993, and the $10 billion during 2006–2007.[34] During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, South Korean businesses sought to increase access to the global markets, and began trade investments with India.[34]
 Indonesia 1973-09-17

  • South Korea has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$14.88 billion.[35]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Indonesia
  • Indonesia and South Korea have invested in multiple joint military development projects, including the KFX/IFX fighter jet.[36]
  • South Korean firm Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) is in final contract negotiations to supply Indonesia with three Type-209 submarines. This will be the largest ever bilateral defense deal, valued at USD1.1 billion.[37]
 Iran 1962-10-23
 Israel 1962-04-10 See Israel–South Korea relations
 Kazakhstan 1992-01-28 See Kazakhstan – South Korea relations
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on January 28, 1992, shortly after Kazakhstan's independence.[40]
  • Bilateral relations have grown steadily since that time. Cooperation between the two nations has grown in political, economic, and educational spheres.
  • The presence of 100,000 ethnic Koreans living in Kazakhstan (known as Koryo-saram) creates an additional link between the two countries.
 Malaysia 1960-02-23 See Malaysia – South Korea relations
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Seoul
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • The two countries established relations in 1960.[41]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$15.7 billion.[42]
 Nepal 1974-05-15
 Pakistan 1983-11-01 See Pakistan-South Korea relations
 Philippines 1949-03-03
 Saudi Arabia 1962-10-16
 Singapore 1975-08-08
 Sri Lanka 1977-11-14
 Thailand 1958-10-01 See South Korea – Thailand relations
 Vietnam 1992-02-22

[edit] Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 1961-10-01
 New Zealand 1962-03-01
 Fiji 1970-10-01 See Fiji – South Korea relations

[edit] Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 1962-02-15 See Argentina – South Korea relations
 Brazil 1959-10-31
 Canada 1963-01-14 See Canada – South Korea relations
 Colombia 1962-03-10 See Foreign relations of Colombia
 Mexico 1962-01-01 See Mexico–South Korea relations
 Paraguay 1962-06-15 See Paraguay – South Korea relations
 Peru 1963-04-15
 Uruguay 1964-10-07

[edit] Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria 1963-05-22
 Belarus 1992-02-10
 Bulgaria 1990-03-23 See Bulgaria – South Korea relations
 Croatia 1992-11-18
 Cyprus 1995-12-28
 Czech Republic 1990-03-01
 Denmark 1959-03-11[77] See Denmark – South Korea relations
 Estonia 1991-09-06
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Seoul.
  • South Korea is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland) and through an honorary consualte in Tallinn.
  • In 2006, Korea was ranked as Estonia's 35th export partner and 29th import partner. Estonia's exports to Korea consist primarily of machinery and mechanical appliances and wood items. The main import articles are transport vehicles and mechanical inventory. The total value of exports to Korea in 2006 was 19.2 million EUR, while imports totalled 34.6 million EUR.[81]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Estonia
 Finland 1973-08-24
 France 1949-02-15 See France – South Korea relations
 Germany 1955-12-01
 Greece 1961-04-05
 Holy See 1966-09-01 [84]
 Hungary 1989-02-01 See Hungary–South Korea relations
 Republic of Ireland 1983-10-01
 Italy 1956-11-24 See Italy – South Korea relations
 Netherlands 1961-04-01
 Norway 1959-03-02
 Poland 1989-11-01
 Romania 1990-03-30 See Romania – South Korea relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Seoul and 2 honorary consulates in Seoul and Busan.[92]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bucharest.[93]
  • In 2009, Korea's export in Romania was 380,000,000 US dollar.[94]
 Spain 1950-03-01
 Sweden 1959-03-01
 Switzerland 1962-12-19
 Turkey 1957-03-08
 United Kingdom 1949-01-18
 Ukraine 1992-02-10

[edit] Africa

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Central African Republic 1969-09
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1964
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo has an Embassy in Seoul, current Ambassador is Christophe Ngwey
  • South Korea has an Embassy in Kinshasa, current Ambassador is Kim Sung-chul
  • DRC President Joseph Kabila visited Seoul in March 2010
  • DRC Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito visited Seoul in November 2010
 Congo 1990
  • South Korea and the Republic of Congo re-established diplomatic relations in 1990
 Côte d'Ivoire 1961

Since 1966, South Korea has an Embassy in Abidjan
 Egypt See Foreign relations of Egypt
 South Africa 1992-12-01

[edit] No diplomatic relations

South Korea does not currently have any diplomatic relations with the following nations.

There are also no diplomatic relations with several unrecognized territories:

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "N Korea 'deploying more missiles'". BBC News. 23 February 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7905361.stm. 
  2. ^ "North Korea tears up agreements". BBC News. 30 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7859671.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-08. 
  3. ^ "N Korea warning over 'satellite'". BBC News. 3 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7931670.stm. Retrieved 2009-03-08. 
  4. ^ "CNN.com - Koreas agree to military hotline - Jun 4, 2004". Edition.cnn.com. 2004-06-04. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/06/03/koreas.agree/index.html. Retrieved 2010-02-18. 
  5. ^ "Anger at North Korea over sinking". BBC News. 2010-05-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/asia_pacific/10131683.stm. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 
  6. ^ Clinton: Koreas security situation 'precarious', by Matthew Lee, Associated Press, 24-05-2010
  7. ^ Text from North Korea statement, by Jonathan Thatcher, Reuters, 25-05-2010
  8. ^ South Korea Formally Declares End to Sunshine Policy, Voice of America, 18 November 2010
  9. ^ South Korea dumps Sunshine Policy with North, opts to go solo, International Business Times, 19 November 2010
  10. ^ ((cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/nov/23/n-korea-fires-artillery-s-korean-island-2-dead/))
  11. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Japan
  12. ^ "South Korean leader bids farewell to Japanese emperor". CNN. 1998-10-09. p. 1. http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9810/09/korea.japan.01/. Retrieved 2007-01-19. [dead link]
  13. ^ "S Korean fury over island dispute". BBC. 2005-03-14. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4347851.stm. Retrieved 2007-01-19. 
  14. ^ Donga Monthly. http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=101&oid=037&aid=0000006961
  15. ^ "S Korea posts record-high trade surplus in 2009". 2010-01-14. http://en.ce.cn/World/biz/201001/14/t20100114_20800769.shtml. 
  16. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with China
  17. ^ "South Korea-Taiwan relations 'in a rut'". Yonhap News. 2002-08-21. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97E653B955AE18&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2008-02-05. 
  18. ^ South Korean embassy in Ulan Bator
  19. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Mongolia
  20. ^ "Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea; October 1, 1953". Yale Law School. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kor001.asp. 
  21. ^ Haesook Chae (2010). "South Korean Attitudes toward the ROK–U.S. Alliance: Group Analysis". Cambridge University Press. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=7819663&jid=PSC&volumeId=43&issueId=03&aid=7819661. 
  22. ^ President Obama Vows Strengthened U.S.-South Korea Ties 2 Apr 2009. U.S. Embassy Seoul (Government of US)
  23. ^ "Russia makes up lost ground with Korean proposals". Asia Times. 2001-02-27. http://www.atimes.com/c-asia/CB28Ag01.html. Retrieved 2007-05-29. 
  24. ^ "South Korean president's visit to boost ties with Russia". People's Daily. 2004-09-24. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200409/24/eng20040924_158215.html. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  25. ^ Cho, Kevin (2007-01-31). "South Korea Counts Down to First Astronaut With Aid From Russia". Bloomberg L.P.. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=a8oBMXKsTEts&refer=home. Retrieved 2007-05-29. 
  26. ^ "Russia ends WTO talks with S. Korea". People's Daily. 2004-09-22. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200409/22/eng20040922_157913.html. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  27. ^ "EU agrees free trade deal with S.Korea". AFP. 2009-09-16. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hjiU353BrLQrVT2oZEu5HPb40ugA. 
  28. ^ a b "Bilateral Relations: Korea". European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/trade/creating-opportunities/bilateral-relations/countries/korea/. 
  29. ^ "Taliban say S.Korea paid over $20 mln ransom". Reuters. 2007-09-01. http://in.news.yahoo.com/070901/137/6k73u.html. 
  30. ^ "Seoul would not talk about ransom". Naver News. 2007-09-06. http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSS2D&office_id=032&article_id=0000242803&section_id=100&section_id2=265&menu_id=100. 
  31. ^ Embassy of Bangladesh
  32. ^ (Korean)방글라데시 방문 때 비자 받아야
  33. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Bangladesh
  34. ^ a b IDSA publication
  35. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Indonesia
  36. ^ Indonesia teams up with S. Korea to develop fighter jet
  37. ^ Junotane Korea - Foreign Affairs
  38. ^ Israeli embassy in Seoul
  39. ^ South Korean embassy in Tel Aviv
  40. ^ Kazakhstan Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  41. ^ Ariffin, Roslan (2007-03-08). "Najib Dijangka Kukuhkan Hubungan Dua Hala M'sia-Korea Selatan (Najib plans strong Malaysia-South Korea bilateral relations)". Bernama. http://bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/bm/news.php?id=250285. Retrieved 2007-05-04 
  42. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Malaysia
  43. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Nepal
  44. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Philippines
  45. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Saudi Arabia
  46. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Singapore
  47. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Sri Lanka
  48. ^ (English)Official webpage of Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Thailand.
  49. ^ (Korean)재외공관 인사말
  50. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Vietnam
  51. ^ http://aus-act.mofat.go.kr/eng/as/aus-act/main/index.jsp
  52. ^ http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/national/power-and-passion-as-julia-gillard-shows-her-seoul/story-e6freuzr-1226044695375
  53. ^ http://www.australiakorea.com/index.php?id=349
  54. ^ http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/fs/rkor.pdf
  55. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Australia
  56. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with New Zealand
  57. ^ "Political relations", ROK embassy in Fiji
  58. ^ Address of the South Korean embassy in Suva
  59. ^ Address of the Fijian embassy in Seoul
  60. ^ Argentine embassy in Seoul
  61. ^ South Korean embassy in Buenos Aires
  62. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Brazil
  63. ^ Paraguayan embassy in Seoul
  64. ^ Korean embassy in Asuncion (in Korean and Spanish only)
  65. ^ 《재외동포현황》 [Current Status of Overseas Compatriots]. South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2009. http://www.mofat.go.kr/consul/overseascitizen/compatriotcondition/index6.jsp?TabMenu=TabMenu6. Retrieved 2009-05-21 
  66. ^ Peruvian embassy in Seoul
  67. ^ Korean embassy in Lima (in Korean and Spanish only)
  68. ^ South Korean embassy in Montevideo
  69. ^ Austrian embassy in Seoul (in German and Korean only)
  70. ^ South Korean embassy in Vienna
  71. ^ "Bundespräsident Heinz Fischer zu Staatsbesuch in Südkorea eingetroffen" (in German). Federal President of the Republic of Austria. http://www.hofburg.at/show_content2.php?s2id=790. Retrieved 18 November 2008. 
  72. ^ Belarussian embassy in Seoul
  73. ^ Bulgarian embassy in Seoul
  74. ^ South Korean embassy in Sofia
  75. ^ South Korean embassy in Prague
  76. ^ Czech embassy in Seoul
  77. ^ South Korean embassy in Denmark
  78. ^ Danish embassy in Seoul
  79. ^ Korean embassy in Copenhagen
  80. ^ http://media.daum.net/society/others/view.html?cateid=1067&newsid=20071010175130709&p=yonhap
  81. ^ Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with South Korea
  82. ^ Coopération politique - Ambassade de France en Corée
  83. ^ Korean embassy in Athens
  84. ^ "Pontificate of His Holiness Pope John Paul II - 2000 March 4."
  85. ^ Korea (nunciature)
  86. ^ "ZENIT - The World Seen From Rome: Papal Address to South Korean Ambassador, October 11, 2007."
  87. ^ "Vatican Information Service News Archives - Monday, March 6, 2000: John Paul II Welcomes First Head of State from Korea." Refers to two visits in text.
  88. ^ "Mass for the Canonization of Korean Martyrs, Homily of John Paul II."
  89. ^ "Vatican Information Service News Archives - Monday, March 6, 2000: John Paul II Welcomes First Head of State from Korea."
  90. ^ "Irish embassy in Seoul". Embassyofireland.or.kr. 2009-11-24. http://www.embassyofireland.or.kr/. Retrieved 2010-10-24. 
  91. ^ "South Korean embassy in Dublin". Irl.mofat.go.kr. http://irl.mofat.go.kr/eng/eu/irl/main/index.jsp. Retrieved 2010-10-24. 
  92. ^ Romanian honorary consulate in Seoul
  93. ^ South Korean embassy in Bucharest
  94. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign affairs and Trade about relations with Romania
  95. ^ South Korean embassy in Bern
  96. ^ South Korean Ministry of Foreign affairs and Trade about relations with Turkey
  97. ^ Korean embassy in Kiev
  98. ^ Ukrainian embassy in Seoul

[edit] External links


South Korea Foreign relations of South Korea
Africa
Coat of arms of South Korea
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Multilateral relations
Sovereign
states
States with limited
recognition
Dependencies and
other territories
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea&oldid=481950625"
Personal tools
Namespaces

Variants
Actions
Navigation
Interaction
Toolbox
Print/export
Languages