East Thrace
Coordinates: 41°9′13″N 27°22′0″E / 41.15361°N 27.366667°E
East Thrace or Eastern Thrace (Turkish: Doğu Trakya or simply Trakya; Bulgarian: Източна Тракия, Iztochna Trakiya; Greek: Ανατολική Θράκη, Anatoliki Thraki), also known as Turkish Thrace, is the part of the modern republic of Turkey that is geographically part of Europe, all in the eastern part of the historical region of Thrace; most of Turkey is in Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor. Turkish Thrace is also called European Turkey. This area includes the historic centre of old İstanbul (medieval Constantinople), as well as such cities as Edirne (the historical capital of the Ottoman vilayet that comprised all Thrace), Tekirdağ, Çorlu, Lüleburgaz and Kırklareli.
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[edit] Geography
East Thrace, which is also known as European Turkey, has an area of 23,764 km2 (3 percent of the country) and a population of about 10 million people (about 12 percent of the total); the population density is around 430 people/km2, compared to about 80 people/km2 for Asiatic Turkey, which is also called Anatolia or Asia Minor. The two are separated by the Dardanelles, the Bosphorus (collectively known as the Turkish Straits) and the Sea of Marmara, a route of about 361 km. The southernmost part of Eastern Thrace is called the Gallipoli peninsula. European Turkey is bordered on the west by Greece for 212 km and on the north by Bulgaria for 269 km, with the Aegean Sea to the south-west and the Black Sea to the north-east. [1]
[edit] History
East Thrace was the setting for several important historical events.
- The Greek myth of Hero and Leander takes place in the ancient city of Sestus.
- Aeneas founded the city of Aenus while trying to find new lands during his mythological conquests.
- After the death of Alexander the Great, in the period called the Diadochi, Alexander's general Lysimachus (360-281 BC) became king of Thrace and established his capital in Lysimachia.
- Çimpe Castle was the first European territory held by the Ottoman Empire.
- Edirne was the second capital of the Ottoman Empire after Bursa.
- The Gallipoli Campaign, one of the most important of the First World War, was fought near the city of Gelibolu.
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Hero and Leander
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Coin of Lysimachus
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Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
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Beach Hellas, in the Gallipoli Campaign
Prior to the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the distribution of nationalities in the local Sanjacks was as follows:
| Ottoman Official Statistics, 1910[2] | |||||||
| Sanjack | Turks | Greeks | Bulgarians | Others | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edirne | 128,000 | 113,500 | 31,500 | 14,700 | 287,700 | ||
| Kirk Kilisse | 53,000 | 77,000 | 28,500 | 1,150 | 159,650 | ||
| Tekirdağ | 63,500 | 56,000 | 3,000 | 21,800 | 144,300 | ||
| Gallipoli | 31,500 | 70,500 | 2,000 | 3,200 | 107,200 | ||
| Çatalca | 18,000 | 48,500 | N/A | 2,340 | 68,840 | ||
| Istanbul | 450,000 | 260,000 | 6,000 | 130,000 | 846,000 | ||
| Total % |
744,000 46,11% |
625,500 38,76% |
71,000 4,40% |
173,190 10,74% |
1,613,690 | ||
| Ecumenical Patriarchate Statistics, 1912 | |||||||
| Total % |
604,500 36,20% |
655,600 39,27% |
71,800 4,30% |
337,600 20,22% |
1,669,500 | ||
[edit] Provinces
The region comprises the three il (republican provinces) of Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ, along with the European parts of İstanbul (Çatalca Peninsula or Avrupa Yakası for people of İstanbul) and Çanakkale. On the other hand, Istanbul, the Gelibolu (Gallipoli) Peninsula and Gökçeada (both part of Çanakkale Province) may not always be considered part of Thrace by Turks today[citation needed].
| Province | Area (km2) |
Population (2010 estimate)[3] |
Population density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provinces formerly in the Vilayet of Edirne: | |||
| Edirne | 6,279 | 390,428 | 62.1 |
| Kırklareli | 6,550 | 332,791 | 50.8 |
| Tekirdağ | 6,218 | 798,109 | 128.3 |
| Sub-total | 19,047 | 1,521,328 | 79.8 |
| İstanbul (European part) | 3,421 | 8,571,374 | 2505.5 |
| Çanakkale (European part) | 1,296 | 63,279 | 48.8 |
| Total | 23,764 | 10,155,981 | 427.3 |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ [1]
- ^ Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002). The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-1-85065-702-6. http://books.google.gr/books?id=PDc-WW6YhqEC&pg=PA28&dq=%22northern+epirus%22%2Bflorence&hl=el&ei=EJcnTZu-L8eF5Abl7uzXCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22northern%20epirus%22%2Bflorence&f=false.
- ^ "Turkish Statistical Institute. Registred population as of 2010". 390,428 in Edirne Province; 332,791 in Kırklareli Province; 798,109 in Tekirdağ Province; 63,279 in the European part of Çanakkale Province and 8,571,374 in the European part of Istanbul Province. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul?dil=2.
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