Transport in Turkey
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[edit] Railways
The TCDD - Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları (Turkish State Railways) possess 10,984 km of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) gauge, of which 2,336 km are electrified (2005).[1] (Map)
In 2004, Marmaray project started on a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus straits.
Between Istanbul and Ankara, a high speed railroad line is being constructed now next to the normal speed railroad which is being renovated. When finished, travel time between the two major cities will reduce from 6,5 hours to 3 hours and 10 minutes, using trains ordered from Spain that can reach up to 250 km/h. Construction of a high speed railroad line between Ankara and Konya was begun in order to connect the two cities with a direct line and reduced travel time from several hours to approximately one hour. The high speed railroad line between Ankara and Konya was finished in 3 June 2011 and was put into service in 23 August 2011. Several other high speed and normal railroad projects are currently in the planning stage.
Cities with underground railway systems are Ankara, Istanbul, İzmir, Bursa, and Adana.
[edit] Railway links with adjacent countries
Azerbaijan - via Georgia - under construction
Armenia - closed (see Kars Gyumri Akhalkalaki railway line)[2]
Bulgaria - open - 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Greece - open - 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Note: Passenger services as Express of Friendship/Filia suspended from 13 February 2012 [3])
Georgia - under reconstruction - break-of-gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)/1,520 mm (4 ft 11 5⁄6 in).
Iran - via Lake Van train ferry - same gauge
Iraq - No direct link, traffic routed via Syria - same gauge
Syria - open - 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
[edit] 2007
- February 7 - agreement signed for Kars-Tiblisi-Baku railway
[edit] Light Rail
After almost 30 years without any trams, Turkey is experiencing a revival in trams. Established in 1992, the tram system of Istanbul earned the best large-scale tram management award in 2005. Another award winning tram network belongs to Eskişehir, (EsTram)a city with a new tram system opened in 2004. Several other cities are planning or constructing tram lines, usually with modern low-floow trams.
One example of something in between Metro and trams is the "Ankaray" system in the city of Ankara, Turkey. Ankaray is called "light metro", but the vehicles are clearly heavier and longer than usual trams, and also mostly underground and grade-separated. It could be called a metro but isn't since there is a separate system called Ankara Metro.
- Cities with Light Rail Transit systems: Istanbul, Ankara, Bursa, Adana, Izmir, Eskişehir, Konya, Antalya, Kayseri, Gaziantep, Samsun
[edit] Road Transport
[edit] Public road transport
There are numerous private bus companies providing connections between cities in Turkey. For local trips to villages there are dolmuşes, small vans that seat about twenty passengers. As of 2010, number of road vehicles is around 15 million. The number of vehicles by type and use is as follows.[4]
- Total 15,095,603
- Car 7,544,871
- Minibus 386,973
- Bus 208,510
- Small truck 2,399,038
- Truck 726,359
- Motorcycle 2,389,488
- Special Purpose vehicle 35,492
- Tractor 1,404,872
[edit] Road Network
- Total Network 426,906 km
- Paved 177,550 km (2004)
- Motorways 2,080 km (2010)
- Dual carriageways 16,784 km (2010)[5]
- Unpaved 249,356 km (20004)
As of 2010, number of tunnels is 155 (total length 99.5 km), number of bridges is 6447 (total length 296.3 km).[6][7]
Road map of Turkey as of 2010: Highways in Turkey.
[edit] Car ownership
According to the figures released by Turkey's statistics authority (TurkStat) the total number of motor vehicles in Turkey reached 15.023 million as of November 2010.[8] The provinces with the highest rates of car ownership were:-
- 1 - Ankara (158 cars per 1,000 pop.)
- 2 - İstanbul (129)
- 3 - Muğla (106)
- 4 - İzmir (103)
- 5 - Eskişehir (98)
- 6 - Denizli (98)
- 7 - Antalya (95)
- 8 - Burdur (90)
- 9 - Kayseri (85)
- 10- Karabük (84)
- 11- Bursa (83)
- 12- Zonguldak (79)
Total number of passenger cars was 6,472,156 at the end of 2007. Total number of motor vehicles (excluding tractors and construction vehicles) was 11,695,611 at the end of 2007.[9][10][11][dead link] The number of passenger cars had increased to 9,800,000 by 2010.[12]
[edit] Waterways
about 1,200 km
[edit] Pipelines
gas 10,706 km; oil 3,636 km; Total:14,342 km (2010)
[edit] Ports and harbors
[edit] Black Sea
[edit] Aegean Sea
[edit] Mediterranean Sea
[edit] Sea of Marmara
[edit] Merchant marine
total: 565 ships (1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 4,663,353 GRT/7,039,492 metric tons deadweight (DWT)
ships by type: by type: bulk carrier 96, cargo ship 262, chemical tanker 58, combination ore/oil 1, container ship 30, liquefied gas 7, passenger 4, passenger/cargo ship 48, petroleum tanker 32, refrigerated cargo ship 1, roll-on/roll-off 25, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 8 (China 1, Cyprus 2, Germany 1, Italy 3, UAE 1)
registered in other countries: 470 (Albania 1, Antigua and Barbuda 7, Bahamas 5, Belize 11, Cambodia 20, Comoros 8, Cyprus 1, Dominica 9, Georgia 23, Isle of Man 2, Italy 1, Kiribati 1, North Korea 1, Liberia 7, Malta 143, Marshall Islands 41, Netherlands Antilles 12, Panama 53, Russia 70, Sierra Leone 7, Slovakia 11, St Kitts and Nevis 13, St Vincent and The Grenadines 20, Tuvalu 1, UK 2, unknown 3) (2007)(Link:[1])
[edit] Airports and airlines
Total number of Airports in Turkey: 117 (2007)
[edit] Airports - with paved runways
total: 88
over 3,047 m: 16
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 4 (2010) (Link:[2])
[edit] Airports - with unpaved runways
total: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 4 (2010) (Link:[3])
[edit] Heliports
20 (2010)
[edit] See also
- Turkey
- List of highways in Turkey
- Truck transport in Turkey
- The Leading Turkish Logistics Company
- Freight Forwarder in Turkey
- Logistics Company in Turkey
- Transportation of Cargo in Turkey
Cars, trains, and ferries are some more types of Turkish transportation.
[edit] References
- ^ TCDD Statistics - PDF file
- ^ Railway Gazette International - January 2008 p51
- ^ http://www.tcdd.gov.tr/home/detail/?id=233
- ^ http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?tb_id=52&ust_id=15
- ^ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx
- ^ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Istatistikler/T%C3%9CNEL%20ENVANTER%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0LER%C4%B0.pdf
- ^ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/SiteCollectionDocuments/KGMdocuments/Istatistikler/KopruSayiUzunlugu.pdf
- ^ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/NUMBER+OF+MOTOR+VEHICLES+-Number+of+registered+motor+vehicles+in...-a0247580632
- ^ http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?ulastirmadb2=&report=tablo2.RDF&p_yil1=2007&p_ar1=1&p_ar2=2&p_ar3=3&p_ar4=4&p_ar5=5&p_ar6=6&p_ar7=7&p_ay1=9&p_tur=1&desformat=html&ENVID=ulastirmadb2Env
- ^ http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ulastirmadagitimapp/ulastirma.zul
- ^ http://www.tuik.gov.tr/metaveri/52_m9.doc
- ^ http://www.ins.itu.edu.tr/ksogut/S-curve%20car%20ownership.pdf
