Interstate 475 (Michigan)
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| UAW Freeway David Dunbar Buick Freeway |
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| Route information | ||||
| Maintained by MDOT | ||||
| Length: | 16.99 mi[1] (27.34 km) | |||
| Existed: | 1970 – present | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| South end: |  I-75 in Grand Blanc |
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 I-69 in Flint M-21 in Flint M-54 in Flint |
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| North end: |  I-75 / US 23 in Mt Morris Township |
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| Location | ||||
| Counties: | Genesee | |||
| Highway system | ||||
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Interstate Highway System Michigan State Trunkline Highway System
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→Interstate 475 (I-475) is an Interstate Highway in the US state of Michigan. I-475 is a 16.99-mile (27.34 km) bypass route that serves the downtown area of Flint while its parent, I-75, passes through the west side of the city. This component freeway of the state trunkline highway system is known as the UAW Freeway for its entire length, honoring the United Auto Workers labor union, which was active in Flint. The trunkline was first named the Buick Freeway, but was renamed in 1981. At the same time, the name of I-69/M-21 in Flint was changed from the "Chevrolet Freeway" to the "Chevrolet-Buick Freeway". Locals use neither name, and simply call the freeway I-475 or 475.
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[edit] Route description
It flows due north for the first 12.5 miles (20.1 km) where it then travels west towards the I-75/US 23 Interchange.
[edit] Lane configuration
From south to north:
- 2 Lanes each direction for the first 4.5 miles (7.2 km).
- 3 Lanes each direction for the next 8 miles (13 km).
- 2 Lanes for the remainder of the freeway.
[edit] History
I-475 was first opened to traffic in the early 1970s. The first section was built between I-75/US 10 northward to M-21/M-78.[2] The second section was built from I-75/US 10/US 23 to BUS M-54 along the north side of town.[3] These two sections were opened on November 9, 1973 and September 26, 1974 respectively.[4] The final section was opened in between them in 1981.[5][6]
[edit] Memorial highway designations
I-475 has carried two different memorial highway designations in its history, the Buick Freeway and the UAW Freeway. Locals no longer use neither name, and simply call the freeway I-475 or 475. This is because all of the General Motors plants along it have been closed and demolished.
[edit] Buick Freeway
David Dunbar Buick was a Scottish-born immigrant who moved to Detroit with his parents at the age of two in 1856–57. He quit school to supplement the family's income after his father's 1860 death. In the 1880s, he was a plumbing supplier in the Detroit area, inventing a process that created a cheaper white bathtub. Buick produced a method for permanently coating cast iron with vitreous enamel which allowed the production of "white" baths at lower cost. He later sold his plumbing business and the patents to American Standard.[7]
Using the profits from this sale, Buick started working on gasoline engines, and later automobiles. He eventually moved his operations from Detroit to the Flint Wagon Works. William Durant managed the fledgling Buick Manufacturing Company, making it the number one car-building in the country by 1908. Durant later built on the foundation of Buick's company to create General Motors.[4]
In honor of Buick's contributions to Flint's manufacturing base, the Flint City Commission proposed naming I-475 after Buick. The freeway passed by the Buick plant in the city and many of the employees would use the new freeway on their commutes to work. The Michigan Legislature passed Concurrent Resolution 22 in 1969 to affect the naming.[4]
[edit] UAW Freeway
The United Auto Workers (UAW) was founded in Detroit on August 26, 1935. The labor union struggled to gain members until the Flint Sit-Down Strike in 1937.[4] The strike started on December 30, 1936 when workers at the Fisher Body Plant No. 1 stopped loading tool dies on the night shift, locking themselves into the plant. The dies were destined for shipment to plants where union activity was much weaker than the UAW-organized plants in Flint. January 3, 1937 when workers at the plant sat down on the job. Fisher Plant No. 2 later joined in the sit-down strike. The heat was shut off at the plants, and on January 11, food deliveries were stopped, sparking a riot. Governor Frank Murphy mobilized 4,000 National Guard troops to keep peace at the plants. A second riot occurred at Chevrolet Plant No. 4 on February 1. The National Guard troops surrounded the 12 striking plants in Flint, but the governor never ordered them into action. President Franklin D. Roosevelt encouraged the two parties to sit down once more, and an agreement was signed, recognizing the UAW in the 17 striking plants across the country.[8]
A local politician wanted to honor not just the automotive pioneers in Flint, but the workers that worked in the plants. Since the UAW came to maturity in Flint as a result of the strikes, it was the appropriate location for a memorial highway designation. In 1980, the Michigan Legislature passed House Concurrent Resolution 583, renaming Flint's east–west freeway (I-69) the "Chevrolet–Buick Freeway" and I-475 the "UAW Freeway". I-475 was dedicated with its new name on Labor Day, 1981.[9]
[edit] Current freeway names in Flint
Public Act 142 of 2001 consolidated the memorial highway designations of the state. In passing this act, the Michigan Legislature expanded the Chevrolet–Buick Freeway to encompass all of I-69 in Genesee County. The act also restored Buick's name to I-475. I-475 in Genesee County was given the second name of the "David Dunbar Buick Freeway" in addition to the "UAW Freeway" name.[4]
[edit] Future
The Genesee County Board of Commissioners has proposed to the Michigan Department of Transportation that I-475 should be connected to US 23 in the southern part of Genesee County.[10]
[edit] Exit list
The entire highway is in Genesee County.
| Location | Mile[11] | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
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| Grand Blanc Township | 0.00 | I-75 south – Detroit |
Southbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 111 on I-75 | |
| 1.68 | 2 | Hill Road | ||
| Burton | 4.02 | 4 | Bristol Road, Hemphill Road | |
| Flint | 5.05 | 5 | Atherton Road | Southbound exit only |
| 6.41 | 6 | I-69 – Port Huron, Lansing |
Four-level Stack interchange | |
| 6.73 | 7 | M-21 (Court Street) |
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| 7.58 | 8A | Robert T. Longway Boulevard | ||
| 8.19 | 8B | Davison Road, Hamilton Avenue | ||
| 9.81 | 9 | M-54 (Dort Hwy) / Stewart Avenue |
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| 10.16 | 10 | Pierson Road | ||
| 11.26 | 11 | Carpenter Road | ||
| Mount Morris Township | 13.05 | 13 | North Saginaw Street | |
| 15.09 | 15 | Clio Road | ||
| 16.59 | I-75 / US 23 – Saginaw, Detroit, Ann Arbor |
Exit 125 on I-75/US 23 | ||
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Concurrency terminus • Closed/former • Incomplete access • Unopened |
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[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Route Log and Finder List - Interstate System: Table 2". Federal Highway Administration. October 31, 2002. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table2.cfm. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation (1974). Official Highway Map (Map). 1 in.:14.5 mi.. Section K12.
- ^ Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation (1975). Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in.:14.5 mi./1 in.:23 km.. Section K12.
- ^ a b c d e Barnett, p. 41
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (1980–1981). Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in.:14.5 mi./1 in.:23 km.. Section K12.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (1982). Official Transportation Map (Map). 1 in.:14.5 mi./1 in.:23 km.. Section K12.
- ^ Barnett, pp. 40–1
- ^ Baulch, Vivian; Zacharias, Patricia (June 23, 1997). "The historic 1936-37 Flint auto plant strikes". Detroit News. http://apps.detnews.com/apps/history/index.php?id=115&CFID=10878005&CFTOKEN=54778416. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
- ^ Barnett, p. 215
- ^ Fonger, Ron (September 24, 2009). "Proposal to extend I-475 to US 23 eyed for economic impact". The Flint Journal. http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2009/09/i-475_extension_gets_new_push.html. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
- ^ "MiGDL - Center for Geographic Information - Geographic Data Library". Michigan Department of Information Technology. May 2007. http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/mgdl/?rel=thext&action=thmname&cid=14&cat=MI+Geographic+Framework+All+Roads+%28v7b%29. Retrieved February 4, 2008.
[edit] Works cited
- Barnett, Ph.D., LeRoy. A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: The Priscilla Press. ISBN 1-886167-24-9.
[edit] External links
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