Brockway Mountain Drive

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A graphic representation of the brown wooden sign for Brockway Mountain Drive

Brockway Mountain Drive
Brockway Mountain Drive runs east–west parallel to the southern shores of Lake Superior along Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula
Brockway Mountain Drive highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by the Keweenaw County Road Commission
Length: 8.883 mi[2] (14.296 km)
Existed: October 14, 1933 (1933-10-14)[1] – present
Restrictions: Closed to vehicular traffic in winter
Major junctions
West end: M-26 near Eagle Harbor
East end: M-26 in Copper Harbor
Location
Counties: Keweenaw
Highway system

Keweenaw County Roads

Brockway Mountain Drive is a 8.883-mile (14.296 km) scenic highway just west of Copper Harbor in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. Drivers can access the road from state highway M-26 on either end near Eagle Harbor to the west or Copper Harbor to the east in the Keweenaw Peninsula. The drive runs along the ridge of Brockway Mountain on the Keweenaw Fault and climbs to 1,320 feet (402 m) above sea level, 720 feet (220 m) above the surface of Lake Superior. Several viewpoints along the route allow for panoramas of Copper Harbor, Lake Superior, and undeveloped woodland. On a clear day, Isle Royale is visible approximately 50 miles (80 km) in distance from the top of the mountain.

Brockway Mountain was named for David D. Brockway, one of the pioneer residents of the area. The road was constructed by the county road commission, the Works Project Administration (WPA) and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in 1933. It was briefly used as a connection for the parallel state highway after it opened. Since it opened, Brockway Mountain Drive has been recognized nationally and locally in several media outlets for its picturesque qualities, usually in profiles of Keweenaw County, the Upper Peninsula or other scenic drives.

Contents

[edit] Route description

The road can be accessed from either Eagle Harbor or Copper Harbor and serves as a scenic loop off M-26. The western end starts at M-26 near Lake Bailey and Agate Harbor. Brockway Mountain Drive ascends along the ridgeline of the Keweenaw Fault. Immediately south of the road, Upson Creek runs parallel to the cliff face as it drains Lake Upson.[3] Two and a half miles (4.0 km) from the western end, there is a parking area for the Oren Krumm Trail, part of the Brockway Mountain Audubon Sanctuary.[4] The drive is lined with low stone walls, built as part of the original construction of the roadway.[5]

There are wooden information signs in the foreground, left and Lake Superior in the distance beyond the top of Brockway Mountain.
View of Lake Superior from Brockway Mountain with information signage

Upon reaching the top of the mountain, drivers are greeted with a full panoramic view of the surrounding area, allowing views of Lake Superior, Copper Harbor, Eagle Harbor and the surrounding lakes and forests. Freighters occasionally can be seen traversing Lake Superior, and on clear days Isle Royale can be spotted nearly 50 miles (80 km) in the distance. Also on the top of the mountain is the Skytop Inn. Founded in 1933, the Skytop Inn offers a selection of books and collectibles. It was originally housed in a log cabin.[6]

Continuing eastward, the drive descends down the mountain toward Copper Harbor. The roadway twists and turns as it alternately climbs and descends several smaller hills along the ridgeline. Along the drive, several viewpoints provide the opportunity to pull off and take in the surroundings. A few of them lie directly adjacent to the face of the bluff where the mountain quickly rises from the surrounding land. Near the eastern end, there are two sharp hairpin turns, the first of which has a scenic overlook and parking area. This spot overlooks Copper Harbor and the nearby Copper Country Trail National Scenic Byway portion of US Highway 41 (US 41) just to the east. From here, the road makes its steep descent down from the ridge, through the second turn and ends at M-26 on the western edge of town.[3]

This road is one of the highest scenic roadways above sea level in the US between the Rocky and Allegheny mountains.[6][7] During the winter months, Brockway Mountain Drive is closed to cars as the Keweenaw County Road Commission does not plow the road; instead the drive is used as a snowmobile trail.[6] According to the commission, 200 vehicles per day use the roadway on average.[8]

[edit] History

Photograph of
Peak of Brockway Mountain

Brockway Mountain is a 1,320-foot (400 m) volcanic landform on the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Copper Harbor.[9] The top of the mountain is 720 feet (220 m) above the level of Lake Superior.[10] The peak was named for Daniel D. Brockway, local pioneer settler, postmaster and state road commissioner. Brockway moved to Copper Harbor in 1846 at the beginning of the area's copper boom. He built the first permanent structure in the community, a hostelry named The Brockway House, which was used by the miners and scientists in the area. By the time of his death on May 9, 1899, the ridge west of town had been named in his honor.[11]

A road to the summit of Brockway Mountain was first proposed in the 1920s by Warren H. Manning, a renowned landscape architect. Manning was in the Keweenaw at the time to design Agassiz Park in Calumet and suggested the road while visiting the area. The road was designed in 1932 with three different options considered. The first involved the construction of the current road from near the Silver River on the west to the summit. It followed a route used by the previous Military Road that connected Fort Wilkins to Fort Howard; traffic would have to turn around to descend Brockway Mountain. Another option included a route from the summit southwest across the Upson Creek Valley to a second summit on the nearby Mount Lookout, a total of about 16 miles (26 km). The third option was that of the current route down the mountain to the west.[1]

Construction of Brockway Mountain Drive began in early 1933 by the Keweenaw County Road Commission with federal highway funding designed to provide meaningful work to the many copper miners who became unemployed during the Great Depression. Rather than provide welfare, the government provided work for the jobless.[11] The WPA and the CCC were the agencies on the federal level responsible for the project.[5] Up to 300 laborers were employed for a wage of 25¢/hr (equivalent to $4.49/hr in 2012[12]). The work required to build the road was carried out by manual labor, with the assistance of a team of horses,[11] in a project designed to maximize the numbers of men employed.[13] The road was opened for public use that October at a cost of $30,000.[11] The following year in 1934, additional work was completed to "touch up" the roadway, and it was paved in 1938. In the interim, the road was temporarily used as a connection between completed segments of the parallel state highway, numbered M-129 at the time. This highway, now part of M-26, was built starting in July 1933 but was not completed through the area until October 1934.[11] According to historian LeRoy Barnett, "this county highway quickly became one of the most popular motoring destinations in the Midwest."[14] According to the Ironwood Daily Globe in December 1938, "at least one million persons" had traveled on Brockway Mountain Drive in the first five years it was open, sparking a tourism boom in the area.[15]

[edit] Scenic opportunities

Photograph of the
View of Copper Harbor (left) and Lake Fanny Hooe (right) from the easternmost overlook

During the spring, particularly in April, hawks migrate along the length of the Keweenaw Peninsula headed across Lake Superior. They flock together along the cliffs and ridges of Brockway Mountain. The top of the mountain is a semi-alpine climate with strong winds, and guide books advise visitors to bring windbreaker jackets, even in the summer.[6] The peak is also known as an excellent star-gazing location because there are no electric lights to interrupt the darkness.[16] The surrounding mountainsides are privately owned, mostly by Champion International Paper. The company receives reduced taxes in exchange for keeping the land open for recreational uses. The Michigan Nature Association owns 200 acres (81 ha) of property on Brockway Mountain itself. There are over 700 species of flowers including trillium and orchids. The peak bloom is in June, and some of the wildflowers on display are not found elsewhere in the state.[6] Motorcycle Cruiser magazine featured a piece on Copper Harbor in February 2010 that suggested visiting Brockway Mountain at dawn saying that "the vista at the peak is amazing and it's worth the early morning rise."[17] The area is renowned as a fall foliage destination;[18] color season starts by the second week of September and ends in October.[6]

[edit] Awards and recognition

Many locales in the Keweenaw Peninsula are frequently praised for their beauty and pristine appearances and Brockway Mountain Drive is no exception. The road has been recognized in numerous publications, dating back to the 1950s. The Milwaukee Sentinel profiled the "famous Brockway Mountain Drive" in 1956 in an article about a tourism boom to the region.[19] More attention was focused on the roadway when Miwaukee's other newspaper, the Milwaukee Journal, spotlighted the region in 1961 stating, "the road along the Brockway Mountain fault follows the Keweenaw Peninsula 700 ft [210 m] above Lake Superior, past ghost copper mines [toward] restored Fort Wilkins".[20] The New York Times had similar praise in 1962, saying "a side trip that should not be missed is the Brockway Mountain Drive ... for a panoramic view of the forest and the blue waters of Lake Superior."[21] The Chicago Tribune called the overlook "breathtaking" in 1986,[22] and the Chicago Sun-Times said that views from Brockway "rival[ed] any in New England" in 1990.[23] The Pioneer Press of St. Paul profiled the area in 2005 saying that the tourists "cruise along Brockway Mountain Drive, renowned for fall color."[24]

In April 1994 and April 2001, the route along US 41 and Brockway Mountain Drive was selected as "one of the best fall color views and mountain biking areas" by Michigan Living.[25][26] It was also named the "most beautiful bike ride in the United States" by Bicycling magazine in February 1995.[27] The Star Tribune in Minneapolis said that a visit to the drive "is worth the whole trip by itself, with a twisting road leading up to the crest, with panoramic views of fall colors."[28] The drive was also included in the coverage of the Copper Country Trail, a designation applied to the neighboring US 41 by the Federal Highway Administration as a part of the National Scenic Byway program.[5] NBC's Today featured Brockway Mountain Drive in September 2007 as part of a segment on "great and unusual fall foliage destinations".[18] In May 2010, local residents of the Upper Peninsula chose the road as the region's "favorite natural wonder" in a poll conducted by WLUC-TV.[29]

An autumnal panorama from the top of Brockway Mountain with Lake Fanny Hooe and Lake Superior in the distance and Brockway Mountain Drive descending the hill
View from atop Brockway Mountain

[edit] Major intersections

Western terminus
Eastern terminus near the M-26–Silver River Culvert (foreground)

The entire road is in Keweenaw County.

Location Mile[2] km Destinations Notes
Eagle Harbor Township 0.000 0.000 M-26 – Eagle Harbor Western terminus
4.920 7.918 Skytop Inn Gift shop at the peak of Brockway Mountain
Grant Township 8.883 14.296 M-26 – Copper Harbor Eastern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi


[edit] See also

Portal icon Michigan Highways portal


[edit] References

  1. ^ a b LaVanway, Paul (2010). The Brockway Mountain Drive Story (2nd ed.). Copper Harbor, MI: Keweenaw County Historical Society. pp. 1–2, 6. ISBN 9780982345108. 
  2. ^ a b Michigan Department of Transportation (2009). MDOT Physical Reference Finder Application (Map). Cartography by Michigan Center for Geographic Information. http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/prfinder/. Retrieved April 13, 2010. 
  3. ^ a b Google, Inc. Google Maps – Overview Map of Brockway Mountain Drive (Map). Cartography by Google, Inc. http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=Brockway+Mountain+Drive+%26+M-26,+Copper+Harbor,+MI&daddr=47.466629,-87.988815+to:Brockway+Mountain+Drive+%26+M-26,+Eagle+Harbor,+MI&hl=en&geocode=&mra=dpe&mrcr=0&mrsp=1&sz=12&via=1&sll=47.52207,-88.010445&sspn=0.147455,0.22934&ie=UTF8&t=p&z=12. Retrieved August 2, 2008. 
  4. ^ Staff (2001). "Brockway Mountain Audubon Sanctuary". Keweenaw Convention & Visitors Bureau. Archived from the original on February 6, 2009. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090206220535/http://keweenaw.info/details_378_brockwaymountainaudubonsanctuary.aspx. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 
  5. ^ a b c Staff. "Brockway Mountain Drive, MI". America's Byways. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on April 1, 2011. http://www.byways.org/explore/byways/13828/places/14317/. Retrieved October 26, 2006. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f Hunt, Mary; Hunt, Don (2007). "Brockway Mountain Drive". Hunts' Guide to Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Albion, MI: Midwestern Guides. http://hunts-upguide.com/copper_harbor_brockway_mountain_drive.html. Retrieved February 21, 2008. 
  7. ^ Storm, Roger E.; Wedzel, Susan M. (2009). Hiking Michigan (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7360-7507-7. 
  8. ^ Patrick, Gregg M. (August 2007). Traffic Counts (Report). Mohawk, MI: Keweenaw County Road Commission. 
  9. ^ Patrinos, Dan (January 16, 1971). "Alone, Not Lonely on his Mountain". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: p. 3. ISSN 1082-8850. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CohQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uhEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5942,3129650&dq=brockway+mountain&hl=en. Retrieved January 27, 2011. 
  10. ^ Wright, John W., ed. (2006). The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). New York: Penguin Books. p. 64. ISBN 0-14-303820-6. 
  11. ^ a b c d e Barnett, LeRoy (2004). A Drive Down Memory Lane: The Named State and Federal Highways of Michigan. Allegan Forest, MI: Priscilla Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 1-886167-24-9. 
  12. ^ Staff. Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2012. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  13. ^ LaVanway, Paul (July–August 2008). "At the Top of Michigan—the Village of Copper Harbor". Michigan History (Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of State) 94 (4): 54. ISSN 0026-2196. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-185166421.html. Retrieved February 26, 2011.  (Subscription required)
  14. ^ Barnett, LeRoy (November–December 2001). "Brockway Mountain Drive". Michigan History (Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of State) 85 (6): 30. ISSN 0026-2196. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-163049807.html. Retrieved February 26, 2011.  (Subscription required)
  15. ^ "Around the Peninsula". Ironwood Daily Globe: p. 4. December 12, 1938. OCLC 10890811. http://newspaperarchive.com/daily-globe/1938-12-12/page-4/. Retrieved May 18, 2012. 
  16. ^ Staff. "Brockway Mountain Drive". Summer Planning Guide. Copper Harbor, Michigan. Archived from the original on May 25, 2009. http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090525234453/http://www.copperharbor.org/brockway_s.html. Retrieved January 27, 2011. 
  17. ^ Calabro, Mike (February 2010). "Just One Road: Copper Harbor Circle Tour, Michigan". Motorcycle Cruiser 15 (1): 90. ISSN 1525-772X. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. http://www.motorcyclecruiser.com/rideanddest/1002_crup_copper_harbor_circle_tour_michigan/index.html. 
  18. ^ a b Greenberg, Peter (September 27, 2007). "8 Great and Unusual Fall Foliage Destinations". Today (New York: NBC). Archived from the original on January 27, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5w2xfnZC4. Retrieved January 27, 2011. 
  19. ^ "Tourist Boom in Keweenaw". Milwaukee Sentinel: p. 4A. September 2, 1956. ISSN 1052-4479. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9u8pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-Q8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6775,671765&dq=brockway+mountain&hl=en. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 
  20. ^ Kienitz, Richard C. (August 17, 1961). "Hiawatha Land Vast Playground". Milwaukee Journal: p. 24. ISSN 1052-4452. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MN8jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4iYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7188,3403036&dq=brockway+mountain&hl=en. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 
  21. ^ Stetson, Damon (January 29, 1962). "Circling Michigan's Scenic Upper Peninsula". The New York Times: p. 249. ISSN 0362-4331. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10E11F9385A15768FDDA00A94DF405B828AF1D3. Retrieved February 21, 2008.  (Subscription required)
  22. ^ Wolf, Robert (Aug 24, 1986). "Midwest on Verge of Blazing Colors". Chicago Tribune: p. 8. ISSN 1085-6706. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24932157.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+24%2C+1986&author=Robert+Wolf&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition=&startpage=8&desc=MIDWEST+ON+VERGE+OF+BLAZING+COLORS. Retrieved January 26, 2011.  (Subscription required)
  23. ^ Puhala, Bob (August 19, 1990). "Color Caravan: Driving The Midwest's Best Fall-Foliage Routes". Chicago Sun-Times. ISSN 1553-8478. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4012904.html.  (Subscription required)
  24. ^ Gauper, Beth (July 5, 2005). "On Lake Superior: An Isolated Peninsula Yields up all Sorts of Riches". Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN): p. F1. ISSN 0892-1083. 
  25. ^ "Treasure Hunt: Readers Uncover State's Best". Michigan Living 76 (10). April 1994. ISSN 0735-1798. 
  26. ^ "Michigan's Best: Treasure Awards 2001". Michigan Living 83 (7): 24–29. April 2001. ISSN 0735-1798. 
  27. ^ Sandretto Jr., Peter (February 1995). "The Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan". Bicycling 36 (2): 56–7. ISSN 0006-2073. 
  28. ^ Gilbert, John (October 6, 1996). "Keweenaw Peninsula; Fall Colors Undimmed". Star Tribune (Minneapolis): p. 6G. ISSN 0895-2825. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62641077.html. Retrieved February 21, 2008.  (Subscription required)
  29. ^ Palumbo, Ashley (May 26, 2010). "Seven Wonders of the UP: Brockway Mountain". Negaunee, MI: WLUC-TV. Archived from the original on January 26, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5w1JuZ3yE. Retrieved January 26, 2011. 

[edit] External links

 
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