April 22 is the 112th day of the year (113th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 253 days remaining until the end of the year.
[edit] Events
- 238 – Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne.
- 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil.
- 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico.
- 1529 – Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
- 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.
- 1836 – Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto, forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
- 1863 – American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
- 1864 – The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864 that mandates that the inscription In God We Trust be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
- 1876 – The first ever National League baseball game is played in Philadelphia.
- 1889 – At high noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
- 1898 – Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
- 1906 – The 1906 Summer Olympics, not now recognized as part of the official Olympic Games, open in Athens.
- 1911 – Tsinghua University, one of mainland China's leading universities, is founded.
- 1912 – Pravda, the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.
- 1915 – The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
- 1930 – The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
- 1944 – The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with CSAR operations in the China-Burma-India theater.
- 1944 – World War II: Operation Persecution is initiated – Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
- 1945 – World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. 520 are killed and 80 escape.
- 1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
- 1948 – 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Haifa, a major port of Israel, is captured from Arab forces.
- 1954 – Red Scare: Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the Army-McCarthy Hearings begins.
- 1964 – The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
- 1969 – British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.
- 1970 – The first Earth Day is celebrated.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts anti-war protests in Los Angeles, New York City, and San Francisco.
- 1983 – The German magazine Der Stern claims that the "Hitler Diaries" had been found in wreckage in East Germany; the diaries are subsequently revealed to be forgeries.
- 1992 – In an explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico, 206 people are killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 left homeless.
- 1993 – Version 1.0 of the Mosaic web browser is released.
- 1997 – Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria – 93 villagers killed.
- 1997 – The Japanese embassy hostage crisis ends in Lima, Peru.
- 1998 – Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
- 2000 – In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida.
- 2000 – The Big Number Change takes place in the United Kingdom.
- 2000 – Second Battle of Elephant Pass: Tamil Tigers capture a strategic Sri Lankan Army base and hold it for 8 years.
- 2003 – Election of the fifth Caliph of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
- 2004 – Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
- 2005 – Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologizes for Japan's war record.
- 2006 – 243 people are injured in pro-democracy protest in Nepal after Nepali security forces open fire on protesters against King Gyanendra.
- 2008 – The United States Air Force retires the remaining F-117 Nighthawk aircraft in service.
[edit] Births
- 1451 – Isabella I of Castile (d. 1504)
- 1592 – Wilhelm Schickard, German mathematician (d. 1635)
- 1610 – Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
- 1658 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)
- 1690 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
- 1707 – Henry Fielding, English author (d. 1754)
- 1711 – Paul II Anton Esterházy, Austrian soldier and music patron (d. 1762)
- 1724 – Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (d. 1804)
- 1744 – James Sullivan, American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1808)
- 1757 – Alessandro Rolla, Italian composer, musician, and teacher (d. 1841)
- 1766 – Madame de Staël, French author (d. 1817)
- 1812 – Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist (d. 1894)
- 1816 – Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
- 1832 – Julius Sterling Morton, American politician, founder of Arbor Day (d. 1902)
- 1844 – Lewis Thornton Powell, attempted assassin of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward (d. 1865)
- 1852 – Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
- 1854 – Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
- 1860 – Ada Rehan, American actress (d. 1916)
- 1868 – Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (d. 1924)
- 1870 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary (d. 1924)
- 1872 – Princess Margaret of Prussia (d. 1954)
- 1873 – Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
- 1876 – Robert Bárány, Austrian physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1936)
- 1876 – Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
- 1881 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
- 1884 – Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d. 1939)
- 1886 – Izidor Cankar, Slovenian art historian, essayist and diplomat (d. 1958)
- 1889 – Richard Glücks, German SS officer and concentration camp administrator (d. 1945)
- 1891 – Laura Gilpin, American photographer (d. 1979)
- 1891 – Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
- 1891 – Harold Jeffreys, English astronomer (d. 1989)
- 1891 – Nicola Sacco, American anarchist (d. 1927)
- 1892 – Vernon Johns, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
- 1899 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian novelist, professor, and lepidopterist (d. 1977)
- 1904 – J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1967)
- 1905 – Robert Choquette, French-Canadian novelist, poet and diplomat (d. 1991)
- 1906 – Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1906 – Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (d. 1947)
- 1907 – Ivan Efremov, Russian paleontologist and author (d. 1972)
- 1909 – Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist, Nobel laureate
- 1909 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
- 1910 – Norman Steenrod, American mathematician (d. 1971)
- 1912 – Kathleen Ferrier, English singer (d. 1953)
- 1912 – Kaneto Shindo, Japanese director
- 1914 – Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
- 1914 – Michael Wittmann, German soldier (d. 1944)
- 1916 – Yehudi Menuhin, American-Russian violinist and conductor (d. 1999)
- 1918 – William Jay Smith, American poet
- 1918 – Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- 1919 – Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2001)
- 1919 – Carl Lindner, Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2011)
- 1922 – Richard Diebenkorn, American painter (d. 1993)
- 1922 – Charles Mingus, American jazz musician, composer, and bandleader (d. 1979)
- 1922 – Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d. 1973)
- 1923 – Avis Bunnage, English actress (d. 1990)
- 1923 – Bettie Page, American model (d. 2008)
- 1923 – Aaron Spelling, American television producer (d. 2006)
- 1925 – George Cole, English actor
- 1926 – Charlotte Rae, American actress
- 1926 – James Stirling, British architect (d. 1992)
- 1927 – Laurel Aitken, Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
- 1927 – Giannis Mihalopoulos, Greek actor
- 1929 – Michael Atiyah, British-Lebanese mathematician
- 1930 – Enno Penno, Estonian politician
- 1931 – John Buchanan, Canadian politician
- 1935 – Paul Chambers, American jazz bassist (Miles Davis Quintet) (d. 1969)
- 1936 – Glen Campbell, American singer, musician, and actor
- 1936 – Pierre Hétu, French-Canadian conductor and pianist (d. 1998)
- 1937 – Jack Nicholson, American actor
- 1937 – Jack Nitzsche, American composer (d. 2000)
- 1938 – Adam Raphael, English journalist and author
- 1938 – Gani Fawehinmi, Nigerian lawyer and political activist (d. 2009)
- 1939 – Mel Carter, American singer and actor
- 1939 – Jason Miller, American playwright (d. 2001)
- 1939 – Theodor Waigel, German politician and finance minister
- 1943 – Janet Evanovich, American writer
- 1943 – Louise Glück, American poet and 12th US Poet Laureate
- 1944 – Steve Fossett, American businessman, aviator, and sailor (d. 2007)
- 1945 – Demetrio Stratos, Italian musician (d. 1979)
- 1946 – Steven L. Bennett, American Air Force pilot, Medal of Honor Recipient (d. 1972)
- 1946 – Paul Davies, English physicist, writer and broadcaster
- 1946 – Nicole Garcia, French actress and director
- 1946 – Louise Harel, Canadian politician
- 1946 – John Waters, American filmmaker
- 1948 – Larry Groce, American singer and songwriter
- 1950 – Peter Frampton, English singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (The Herd and Humble Pie)
- 1950 – Zygi Wilf, German-American businessman
- 1951 – Paul Carrack, English singer-songwriter and musician (Ace, Squeeze, Mike + The Mechanics, and Roxy Music)
- 1951 – Ana María Shua, Argentine poet
- 1952 – François Berléand, French actor
- 1952 – Marilyn Chambers, American porn actress (d. 2009)
- 1953 – Tom Griswold, American radio personality
- 1953 – Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer
- 1955 – Johnnie To, Hong Kong director and producer
- 1957 – Donald Tusk, Polish politician
- 1958 – Ken Olandt, American actor
- 1959 – Terry Francona, American baseball manager
- 1959 – Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
- 1959 – Ryan Stiles, American actor
- 1960 – Mart Laar, Estonian statesman
- 1960 – Gary Rhodes, English chef
- 1960 – Randall L. Stephenson, American business executive
- 1960 – Tatiana Thumbtzen, American actress, model, and dancer
- 1961 – Dewey Nicks, American photographer and director
- 1962 – Jeff Minter, English video game programmer
- 1962 – Danièle Sauvageau, Canadian ice hockey coach
- 1963 – Sean Lock, English comedian
- 1964 – Estelle Asmodelle, actress, model, and writer
- 1964 – Chris Makepeace, Canadian actor and director
- 1965 – Lauri Hendler, American actress
- 1965 – Peter Zezel, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2009)
- 1966 – Dana Barron, American actress
- 1966 – Fletcher Dragge, American guitarist and producer (Pennywise)
- 1966 – Mariana Levy, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
- 1966 – Mickey Morandini, American baseball player and manager
- 1966 – Jeffrey Dean Morgan, American actor
- 1967 – Sheryl Lee, American actress
- 1967 – Sherri Shepherd, American comedian, actress, and talk show host
- 1967 – Harvey Williams, American football player
- 1968 – Bimbo Coles, American basketball player
- 1968 – Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1969 – Dion Dublin, English footballer
- 1970 – Andrea Giani, Italian volleyball player
- 1970 – Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer, actress, and producer
- 1971 – Daisuke Enomoto, Japanese businessman
- 1971 – Ingo Rademacher, German-Australian actor
- 1972 – Sabine Appelmans, Belgian tennis player
- 1972 – Owen Finegan, Australian rugby union footballer
- 1972 – Milka Duno, Venezuelan race car driver
- 1973 – Adem Poric, Australian footballer
- 1973 – Brian Marshall, American musician (Creed and Alter Bridge)
- 1973 – Ofer Talker, Israeli footballer
- 1973 – Christopher Sabat, American voice actor
- 1974 – Opio, American hip hop artist
- 1974 – Shavo Odadjian, Armenian-American musician and songwriter (System of a Down and Achozen)
- 1975 – Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (d. 1999)
- 1975 – Carlos Sastre, Spanish cyclist
- 1976 – Dan Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 – Paul Henderson, Australian footballer
- 1976 – Michał Żewłakow, Polish footballer
- 1977 – Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
- 1977 – Aaron Fink, American musician (Breaking Benjamin and Lifer)
- 1977 – Ambra Angiolini, Italian actress
- 1978 – Ezekiel Jackson, Guyanese wrestler
- 1978 – Matt Orford, Australian rugby league player
- 1978 – Jason Stollsteimer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Von Bondies and Hounds Below)
- 1978 – Esteban Tuero, Argentinian race car driver
- 1979 – Zoltán Gera, Hungarian footballer
- 1979 – Daniel Johns, Australian singer-songwriter and musician (Silverchair and The Dissociatives)
- 1980 – Clarke Dermody, New Zealand rugby player
- 1980 – Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
- 1980 – Courtney Friel, American reporter
- 1980 – Carlos Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1980 – Kora Karvouni, Greek actress
- 1980 – Igor Budan, Croatian footballer
- 1980 – Aaron Michael Metchik, American actor, writer, and director
- 1981 – Ken Dorsey, American football player
- 1981 – Daniel Ghita, Romanian kick-boxer
- 1981 – Eglantina Zingg, Venezuelan model and television host
- 1982 – Kaká, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 – Thomas Bridegroom, American actor, television host, and photographer (d. 2011)
- 1982 – Cassidy Freeman, American actress, singer, and pianist
- 1982 – Sarah French, American model and reporter, Miss America 2007
- 1982 – Joel Monaghan, Australian rugby player
- 1982 – David Purcey, American baseball player
- 1982 – Noriko Shitaya, Japanese voice actress
- 1983 – Remi Ayodele, American football player
- 1983 – Francis Capra, American actor
- 1983 – Elliott Jordan, English actor
- 1983 – Sam Heads, British entomologist and palaeontologist
- 1983 – Jos Hooiveld, Dutch footballer
- 1983 – Matt Jones, American football player
- 1983 – Evangelos Mantzios, Greek footballer
- 1984 – Amelle Berrabah, English singer-songwriter (Sugababes)
- 1984 – Michelle Ryan, English actress
- 1985 – Matt Ballinger, American singer and actor (Dream Street)
- 1985 – Blake Fitzpatrick, American writer and director
- 1985 – Andrea Gabrielle Gibson, American transgender reality television personality
- 1986 – Amber Heard, American actress
- 1986 – Marshawn Lynch, American football player
- 1986 – David Rendall, Canadian actor, writer, and director
- 1986 – Dušan Šakota, Serbian-Greek basketball player
- 1987 – BC Jean, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1987 – Mikel John Obi, Nigerian footballer
- 1987 – David Luiz, Brazilian footballer
- 1988 – Cherise Donovan, Australian actress
- 1988 – M. Christian Heywood, Canadian voice actor
- 1988 – James Ross, American drag performer
- 1988 – Amadou Samb, Senegalese footballer
- 1989 – Jasper Cillessen, Dutch footballer
- 1989 – Dejuan Blair, American basketball player
- 1989 – Thomas James Longley, English actor and model
- 1990 – Eve Muirhead, Scottish curler
- 1992 – Kenny Stills, American football player
- 1993 – Hany Lee, Korean-Australian actress
- 1996 – Jay Duffy, Irish actor
[edit] Deaths
- 296 – Pope Caius
- 455 – Petronius Maximus, Roman Emperor
- 536 – Pope Agapetus I
- 613 – Saint Theodore of Sykeon
- 1592 – Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect (b. 1511)
- 1672 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
- 1699 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman (b. 1646)
- 1758 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686)
- 1778 – James Hargreaves, English inventor, invented the Spinning Jenny (b. 1720)
- 1806 – Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (b. 1763)
- 1833 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor and mining engineer (b. 1771)
- 1839 – Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
- 1854 – Nicolás Bravo, Mexican politician and soldier (b. 1786)
- 1877 – James P. Kirkwood, American civil engineer (b. 1807)
- 1892 – Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
- 1893 – Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor and academic (b. 1825)
- 1896 – Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b. 1812)
- 1908 – Henry Campbell-Bannerman, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
- 1925 – André Caplet, French composer (b. 1878)
- 1929 – Henry Lerolle, French painter (b. 1848)
- 1930 – Jeppe Aakjær, Danish poet (b. 1866)
- 1932 – Ferenc Oslay, Hungarian-Slovene historian, writer, and irredenta (b. 1883)
- 1933 – Henry Royce, British automobile manufacturer, co-founded the Rolls-Royce company (b. 1863)
- 1944 – Nikolaos Roussen, Greek naval officer (b. 1913)
- 1945 – Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (b. 1900)
- 1945 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
- 1946 – Lionel Atwill, English actor (b. 1885)
- 1946 – Harlan F. Stone, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1872)
- 1949 – Charles B. Middleton, American actor (b. 1874)
- 1950 – Charles Hamilton Houston, American civil rights attorney (b. 1895)
- 1951 – Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b. 1870)
- 1968 – Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b. 1911)
- 1978 – Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1980 – Jane Froman, American actress (b. 1907)
- 1980 – Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b. 1902)
- 1983 – John Louis Evans, American convicted murderer (b. 1950)
- 1983 – Earl Hines, American jazz pianist (b. 1903)
- 1984 – Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
- 1985 – Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
- 1985 – Jacques Ferron, Canadian physician, author, and politician (b. 1921)
- 1986 – Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer (b. 1907)
- 1988 – Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
- 1989 – Emilio Gino Segrè, Italian-American physicist (b. 1905)
- 1990 – Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928)
- 1994 – Richard Nixon, American politician, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
- 1995 – Maggie Kuhn, American activist, founder of the Gray Panthers movement (b. 1905)
- 1996 – Erma Bombeck, American humorist and writer (b. 1927)
- 1996 – Harold "Jug" McSpaden, American golfer (b. 1908)
- 1998 – Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
- 1999 – Chan Canasta, Polish-British magician and mind-reader (b. 1920)
- 1999 – Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (b. 1938)
- 1999 – Munir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani nuclear engineer (b. 1926)
- 2002 – Linda Lovelace, American porn actress (b. 1949)
- 2003 – Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
- 2003 – Martha Griffiths,American lawyer, judge, and congresswoman (b. 1912)
- 2003 – Mike Larrabee, American athlete (b. 1933)
- 2004 – Jason L. Dunham, American corporal, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
- 2004 – Pat Tillman, American football player and soldier (b. 1976)
- 2005 – Norman Bird, English actor (b. 1920)
- 2005 – Robert Farnon, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1917)
- 2005 – Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
- 2005 – Philip Morrison, American physicist (b. 1915)
- 2006 – D'Iberville Fortier, Canadian politician and diplomat (b. 1926)
- 2006 – Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 – Juanita Millender-McDonald, American congresswoman (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Ed Chynoweth, Canadian ice hockey executive (b. 1941)
- 2008 – Paul Davis, American singer and songwriter (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Richard Barrett, American lawyer and nationalist (b. 1943)
- 2011 – Moin Akhter, Pakistani actor (b. 1950)
[edit] Holidays and observances
[edit] External links
