Occupy Wall Street

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This article is about the protests in New York City. For the wider movement, see Occupy movement.
Occupy Wall Street
Part of the Occupy movement
Poster depicting a female ballerina pirouetting on the back of the Charging Bull statue on Wall Street; on the street behind her, a line of gas-masked rioters struggle through smoke. Text on the poster reads: "What is our one demand?#OCCUPYWALLSTREET September 17th. Bring Tent."
Adbusters poster for the first protest, September 17, 2011
Date September 17, 2011 (2011-09-17) – ongoing
(7 months, 2 weeks and 3 days)
Location New York City
40°42′33.79″N 74°0′40.76″W / 40.7093861°N 74.0113222°W / 40.7093861; -74.0113222
Causes Wealth inequality, Corporate influence of government, Populism, (in support of) Social Democracy, inter alia.
Characteristics
Status Ongoing
Number
Zuccotti Park

Other activity in NYC:

  • 2,000+ marchers
    (march on police headquarters, October 2, 2011)[1]
  • 700+ marchers arrested
    (crossing Brooklyn Bridge, October 3, 2011)[2]
  • 15,000+ marchers
    (Lower Manhattan solidarity march, October 5, 2011)[3]
  • 6,000+ marchers
    (Times Square recruitment center march, October 15, 2011)[4]

Occupy Wall Street is a protest that began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district. The protest was initiated by the Canadian activist group Adbusters and has led to Occupy protests and movements around the world. The main issues are social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the undue influence of corporations on government—particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS slogan, We are the 99%, addresses the growing income inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. To achieve their goals protesters act on consensus-based decision made in general assemblies to effect direct action instead of petitioning authorities for redress.[5]

Contents

[edit] Origins

Antecedents for Occupy Wall Street (OWS) include the British student protests of 2010, as well as Greek and Spanish anti-austerity protests of the "indignados" (indignants), along with the Arab Spring protests.[6] OWS was initiated by Kalle Lasn and Micah White of Adbusters, a Canadian consumerist publication, who conceived of an June 2011 occupation in lower Manhattan. Lasn registered the OccupyWallSteet.org web address on June 9th.[7] In June Adbusters emailed its subscribers saying “America needs its own Tahrir”. White said the reception of the idea "snowballed from there".[8][7] In a blog post on July 13 of 2011,[9] Adbusters proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, the lack of legal consequences for those who brought about the global crisis of monetary insolvency, and an increasing disparity in wealth.[8] The protest was promoted with an image featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull statue.[10][11][12]

Formation of the New York General Assembly (NYGA) began in June and July when a group called New Yorkers Against Budget Cuts (NYAB), began promoting a “People’s General Assembly” to “Oppose Cutbacks And Austerity Of Any Kind”. On August 2 NYAB met in Bowling Green Park. Activist, anarchist and anthropologist David Graeber and several of his associates also attended the NYAB meeting, but grew frustrated when they found out that the event was not a "general assembly" which rules by consensus created by group discussions. Rather, the event was intended to be merely a precursor to marching on Wall Street with a corpus of predetermined demands such as "An end to oppression and war!" In response, Graeber and his small group began their own general assembly, which eventually drew all the remaining attendees from the NYAB meeting and eventually developed into the New York General Assembly. The group began to hold weekly meetings to work out the issues and direction of the movement, such as whether or not to have a set of demands, the formation of working groups and whether or not to have leaders. [13] Graeber argues that the Occupy movement is based on the philosophy of anarchism.[14] The internet group Anonymous created a video encouraging its supporters to take part in the protests.[15] Other groups began joining to assist in organization, including the U.S. Day of Rage,[16] and the NYC General Assembly.[17] The protest itself began on September 17; a Facebook page for the demonstrations began two days later on September 19 featuring a YouTube video of earlier events. By mid-October, Facebook listed 125 Occupy-related pages.[18]

The original location of choice by the protesters was 1 Chase Plaza, the site of the "Charging Bull" sculpture. Police discovered this before the protest began and fenced off the location. Nearby Zuccotti Park was then chosen. Since the park was private property police could not legally force protesters to leave without being requested to do so by the property owner.[19] At a press conference held the same day the protests began, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg explained, "people have a right to protest, and if they want to protest, we'll be happy to make sure they have locations to do it."[17]

Because of its connection to the financial system, lower Manhattan has seen many riots and protests since the 1800s,[20] and OWS has been compared to other historical protests in the United States. Writing for CNN, Sonia Katyal and Eduardo Peñalver said that "A straight line runs from the 1930s sit-down strikes in Flint, Michigan, to the 1960 lunch-counter sit-ins to the occupation of Alcatraz by Native American activists in 1969 to Occupy Wall Street. Occupations employ physical possession to communicate intense dissent, exhibited by a willingness to break the law and to suffer the -- occasionally violent -- consequences."[21] Commentators have put OWS within the political tradition of other movements which made themselves known by occupation of public spaces, such as Coxey's Army in 1894, the Bonus Marchers in 1932, and the May Day protesters in 1971.[22][23]

More immediate prototypes for OWS include the British student protests of 2010, Greece's and Spain's anti-austerity protests of the "indignados" (indignants), as well as the Arab Spring protests.[6] These antecedents have in common with OWS a reliance on social media and electronic messaging to circumvent the authorities, as well as the feeling that financial institutions, corporations, and the political elite have been malfeasant in their behavior toward youth and the middle class.[6][24] Occupy Wall Street, in turn, gave rise to the Occupy movement in the United States and around the world.[25][26][27]

[edit] "We are the 99%"

Further information: We are the 99%

"Occupy" protesters' slogan We are the 99% refers to income disparity in the U.S., a main issue for OWS. It derives from a We the 99% flyer calling for OWS's second General Assembly in August 2011. The variation "We are the 99%" is a tumblr page which popularized the meme.[28][29] Paul Taylor said the slogan is "arguably the most successful slogan since 'Hell no, we won't go,'" of Vietnam war era, and that the majority of Democrats, independents and Republicans see the income gap as causing friction.[30] The meme was based on studies, the conclusions of which a Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report released in October had confirmed.[31][32]

[edit] Income inequality

A chart showing the disparity in income distribution in the United States.[33][34] Wealth inequality and income inequality have been central concerns among OWS protesters.[35][36][37]

Income inequality has increased over the last three decades with economic stagnation and unequal distribution of the wealth undermining the goals of most Americans.[38] It is a focal point of the Occupy Wall Street protests[39][40][41] Simon Rogers and the Guardian UK, in their piece "Occupy protestors say it is 99% v 1%. Are they right?" state:

"Now, one in every seven Americans lives below the poverty line - that's a record 46.2 million people (although it might actually be higher). One in six Americans have no health insurance - 50 million people, a population twice the size of Texas (27m people). Of every 17 Americans, at least one will be earning below the minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. 14.5% of Americans households are defined as "food insecure". That means for every seven households, one will have trouble putting enough food on the table".[42]

Rogers also shows how executive pay in the largest US companies has quadrupled since the 1970s, but the average non-supervisory employee is paid 10% less and that between the 1940s and the 1970s, the income of the median American household doubled, but since then incomes have risen only 5% for the bottom 90% of Americans.[42][43][44][45] During the 1990s, economists began to release studies which showed the increasing income inequality in the United States. Although these were cited by liberals and Democrats, this information did not fully penetrate the public sphere until it was used as one of the ideas behind the OWS movement. OWS protests were particularly concerned with income inequality, in addition to what they perceived to be greed and the corrupting power of banks and multinational corporations.[46]

[edit] Goals

OWS's goals include a more balanced distribution of income, more and better jobs, bank reform, a reduction in the influence of corporations on politics, and forgiveness of student loan debt.[47][27][48][49][50]

While many protestors favor a fairly concrete set of national policy proposals,[51][52] some (such as those who release the Liberty Square Blueprint) are opposed to setting demands, saying they would limit the movement by implying conditions and limiting the duration of the movement.[53] David Graeber, an OWS participant, has also criticized the idea that the movement must have clearly defined demands, arguing that it would be a counterproductive legitimization of the very power structures the movement seeks to challenge.[54]

[edit] Protester demographics

Early on the protesters were mostly young, partly because social networks through which they promoted the protests are primarily used by young people.[55][56] As the protest grew, older protesters also became involved.[57] The average age of the protesters was 33, with people in their 20s balanced by people in their 40s.[58] Various religious faiths have been represented at the protest including Muslims, Jews, and Christians.[59] Rabbi Chaim Gruber,[60] however, is reportedly the only clergy member to have actually camped at Zuccotti Park. [61][62][63] The Associated Press reported in October that there was "diversity of age, gender and race" at the protest.[57] A study based on survey responses at OccupyWallStreet.org reported that the protesters were 81.2% White, 6.8% Hispanic, 2.8% Asian, 1.6% Black, and 7.6% identifying "other".[64][65]

According to a survey of occupywallst.org website visitors[66] by the Baruch College School of Public Affairs published on October 19, of 1,619 web respondents, 1/3 were older than 35, half were employed full-time, 13% were unemployed and 13% earned over $75,000. When given the option of identifying themselves as Democrat, Republican or Independent/Other 27.3% of the respondents called themselves Democrats, 2.4% called themselves Republicans, while the rest, 70%, called themselves independents.[67] A survey by Fordham University Department of Political Science confirmed the Baruch College findings and gave further details: the protester's political affiliations were 25% Democrat, 2% Republican, 11% Socialist, 11% Green Party, 12% Other, and 39% independent.[68] Ideologically the Fordham survey found 80% self-identifying as slightly to extremely liberal, 15% as moderate, and 6% as slightly to extremely conservative.

[edit] Participation and organization

Protesters engaging in the 'human microphone'

The New York City General Assembly (NYCGA) is the main OWS decision-making body and provides much of the leadership and executive function for the protesters.[69] At its meetings the various OWS committees discuss their thoughts and needs, and the meetings are open to the public for both attendance and speaking. [70] The meetings are without formal leadership, although certain members routinely act as moderators. Meeting participants comment upon committee proposals using a process called a "stack", which is a queue of speakers that anyone can join. New York uses what is called a progressive stack, in which people from marginalized groups are sometimes allowed to speak before people from dominant groups, with facilitators, or "stack-keepers", urging speakers to "step forward, or step back" based on which group they belong to, meaning that women and minorities may move to the front of the line, while white men must often wait for a turn to speak.[71] Volunteers take minutes of the meetings so that organizers who are not in attendance can be kept up-to-date.[72][73] In addition to the over 70 working groups[74] that perform much of the daily work and planning of Occupy Wall Street, the organizational structure also includes "spokes councils," at which every working group can participate.[75]

Even with the perception of a movement with no leaders, leaders have emerged. A facilitator of some of the movement's more contentious discussions, Nicole Carty, says “Usually when we think of leadership, we think of authority, but nobody has authority here,” - “People lead by example, stepping up when they need to and stepping back when they need to.”[76] According to Fordham University communications professor Paul Levinson, Occupy Wall Street and similar movements symbolize another rise of direct democracy that has not actually been seen since ancient times.[77][78]

[edit] Funding

During the beginning weeks of the park encampment it was reported that most of OWS funding was coming from donors with incomes in the $50,000 to $100,000 range, and the median donation was $22.[58] According to finance group member Pete Dutro, OWS had accumulated over $700,000.[79] During the period that protesters were encamped in the park the funds were being used to purchase food and other necessities and to bail out fellow protesters. With the closure of the park to overnight camping on November 15, members of the OWS finance committee stated they would initiate a process to streamline the movement and re-evaluate their budget and eliminate or merge some of the "working groups" they no longer needed on a day-to-day basis.[80][81]

Met with increasing costs and significant overhead expenses in order to sustain the movement, an internal audit from the fiscal management team known as the "accounting working group" revealed on March 2nd, 2012 that only $44,000 of the several hundred thousand dollars raised still remained available. The report warned that if current revenues and expenses were maintained at current levels, then funds would run out in three weeks.[82][83] Some of the movement's biggest costs include ground-level activities such as food kitchens, street medics, bus tickets, subway passes, and printing expenses.[84][85] On March 3rd, a group of business leaders including Ben Cohen, Jerry Greenfield, Danny Goldberg, Norman Lear, and Terri Gardner[86] have created a new working group, the Movement Resource Group, and with it have pledged $300,000 with plans to add $1,500,000 more. [87][88] The money would be made available in the form of grants of up to $25,000 for eligible recipients.

[edit] Zuccotti Park encampment

Main article: Timeline of Occupy Wall Street
Encampment at Zuccotti Park and 'People's Library' with over 5,000 books, wi-fi internet, and a reference service, often staffed by professional librarians, procuring material through the interlibrary loan system.

Prior to being closed to overnight use, somewhere between 100 and 200 people slept in Zuccotti Park. Initially tents were not allowed and protesters slept in sleeping bags or under blankets.[89] Meal service started at a total cost of about $1,000 per day. While some visitors ate at nearby restaurants, according to the Wall Street Journal and the New York Post many businesses surrounding the park were adversely affected.[90][91][92] Contribution boxes collected about $5,000 a day, and supplies came in from around the country.[90] Eric Smith, a local chef who was laid off at the Sheraton in Midtown, said that he was running a five-star restaurant in the park.[93] In late October kitchen volunteers complained about working 18 hour days to feed people who were not part of the movement and served only brown rice, simple sandwiches, and potato chips for three days.[94]

Many protesters used the bathrooms of nearby business establishments. Some supporters donated use of their bathrooms for showers and the sanitary needs of protesters.[95]

New York City requires a permit to use "amplified sound," including electric bullhorns. Since Occupy Wall Street did not have a permit, the protesters created the "human microphone" in which a speaker pauses while the nearby members of the audience repeat the phrase in unison. The effect has been called "comic or exhilarating—often all at once." Some feel this provided a further unifying effect for the crowd.[96][97]

During the weeks that overnight use of the park was allowed, a separate area was set aside for an information area which contained laptop computers and several wireless routers.[98][99] The items were powered with gas generators until the New York Fire Department removed them on October 28, saying they were a fire hazard.[100] Protesters then used bicycles rigged with an electricity-generating apparatus to charge batteries to power the protesters' laptops and other electronics.[101] According to the Columbia Journalism Review's New Frontier Database, the media team, while unofficial, ran websites like Occupytogether.org, video livestream, a "steady flow of updates on Twitter, and Tumblr" as well as Skype sessions with other demonstrators.[102]

Zuccotti Park, cleared and cleaned on November 15, 2011

On October 6, Brookfield Office Properties, which owns Zuccotti Park, issued a statement saying: "Sanitation is a growing concern... Normally the park is cleaned and inspected every weeknight [but] because the protesters refuse to cooperate ... the park has not been cleaned since Friday, September 16 and as a result, sanitary conditions have reached unacceptable levels."[103][104]

On October 13, New York City's mayor Bloomberg and Brookfield announced that the park must be vacated for cleaning the following morning at 7 am.[105] However, protesters vowed to "defend the occupation" after police said they wouldn’t allow them to return with sleeping bags and other gear following the cleaning, and many protesters spent the night sweeping and mopping the park.[106][107] The next morning the property owner postponed its cleaning effort.[106] Having prepared for a confrontation with the authorities to prevent the cleaning effort from proceeding, some protesters clashed with police in riot gear outside City Hall after it was canceled.[105]

Shortly after midnight on November 15, 2011, the New York Police Department gave protesters notice from the park's owner (Brookfield Office Properties) to leave Zuccotti Park due to its purportedly unsanitary and hazardous conditions. The notice stated that they could return without sleeping bags, tarps or tents.[108][109] About an hour later, police in riot gear began removing protesters from the park, arresting some 200 people in the process, including a number of journalists. While the police raid was in progress, the Occupy Wall Street Media Team issued an official response under the heading, "You can't evict an idea whose time has come."[110]

New York Police struggle with OWS protesters trying to remove barricades

On December 31, 2011, Protesters started to re-occupy the park. At one point, protesters started to push police barricades into the streets. Police quickly put the barricades back up. Occupiers then started to take down barricades from all sides of the park and stored them in a pile in the middle of Zuccotti Park.[111] Police called in re-enforcements while at the same time more activists entered the park. Police tried to enter the park, but were pushed back by protesters. There were reports of pepper-spray being used by the police. About 12:40 a.m. after the group celebrated New Years in the park, They exited the park and marched down Broadway. Police, in riot gear, started to clear out the park around 1:30 a.m. Sixty-eight people were arrested—including one accused of stabbing a police officer in the hand with a pair of scissors—in connection with the event, which was over within several hours.[112]

Since the closure of the Zuccotti Park encampment, some former campers have been allowed to sleep in local churches, but how much longer they will be welcomed is in question and even former park occupiers debate whether or not they can continue to provide funds and meals for homeless protesters. Since the removal, New York protesters have been divided in their opinion as to the importance of the occupation of a space with some believing that actual encampment is unnecessary, and even a burden.[113] Since the closure of the Zuccotti Park encampment, the movement has turned its focus on occupying banks, corporate headquarters, board meetings, college and university campuses, and Wall Street itself. Since its inception, the Occupy Wall Street protests in New York City have cost the city an estimated $17 million in overtime fees to provide policing of protests and encampment inside Zuccotti Park. [114][115][116]

On March 17, 2012, Occupy Wall Street demonstrators attempted to mark the movement's six month anniversary by reoccupying Zuccotti Park. Protestors were soon cleared away by Police, who made over 70 arrests. Veteran protesters said the force used by police was the most violent they had witnessed and a Guardian reporter witnessed a protester being slammed into a glass door by a "burly police officer, resulting in a large crack in the glass."[117][118] On March 24, hundreds of OWS protesters marched from Zuccotti Park to Union Square in a demonstration against police violence.[119]

[edit] Security and crime

OWS Demonstrators complained of thefts of assorted items such as cell phones and laptops; thieves also stole $2500 of donations that were stored in a makeshift kitchen.[120] In November, a man was arrested for breaking an EMT's leg.[121]

Police Commissioner Paul Browne said protesters delayed reporting crime until three complaints were made against the same individual.[122] The protesters denied a "three strikes policy", and one protester told the New York Daily News that he had heard police respond to an unspecified complaint by saying, "You need to deal with that yourselves".[123]

After several weeks of occupation, protesters had made enough allegations of sexual assault and gropings that women-only sleeping tents were set up.[124][125][126][127] Occupy Wall Street organizers released a statement regarding the sexual assaults stating, "As individuals and as a community, we have the responsibility and the opportunity to create an alternative to this culture of violence, We are working for an OWS and a world in which survivors are respected and supported unconditionally... We are redoubling our efforts to raise awareness about sexual violence. This includes taking preventative measures such as encouraging healthy relationship dynamics and consent practices that can help to limit harm.”[128]

The Department of Homeland Security considers Occupy Wall Street a threat, stating "mass gatherings associated with public protest movements can have disruptive effects on transportation, commercial, and government services, especially when staged in major metropolitan areas". The DHS keeps a file on the movement and monitors social media for information, according to leaked emails released by Wikileaks.[129]

[edit] Notable responses

Main article: Reactions to Occupy Wall Street
Globe icon.
 The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (May 2012)
October 5, 2011 in Foley Square, members of National Nurses United labor union supporting OWS


During an October 6 news conference, President Barack Obama said, "I think it expresses the frustrations the American people feel, that we had the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depression, huge collateral damage all throughout the country ... and yet you're still seeing some of the same folks who acted irresponsibly trying to fight efforts to crack down on the abusive practices that got us into this in the first place."[130][131]

Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney said that while there were "bad actors" that needed to be "found and plucked out", he believes that to aim at one industry or region of America is a mistake and views encouraging the Occupy Wall Street protests as "dangerous" and inciting "class warfare".[132][133] Romney later expressed sympathy for the movement, saying, "I look at what's happening on Wall Street and my view is, boy, I understand how those people feel."[134]

House Democratic Leader Rep. Nancy Pelosi said she supports the growing nationwide Occupy Wall Street movement.[135] In September, various labor unions, including the Transport Workers Union of America Local 100 and the New York Metro 32BJ Service Employees International Union, pledged their support for demonstrators.[136]

Five days into the protest, political commentator Keith Olbermann, formerly of CurrentTV, vocally criticized mainstream media outlets for failing to cover the initial Wall Street protests and demonstrations adequately.[137][138]

[edit] See also

Occupy articles

Other protests

Related articles

Related portals:

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Hundreds of Occupy Wall Street protesters arrested". BBC News. October 2, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15140671. Retrieved October 2, 2011. 
  2. ^ "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge". Fox News Channel. October 1, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/10/01/500-arrested-after-wall-street-protest-on-nys-brooklyn-bridge/?test=latestnews. Retrieved October 1, 2011. 
  3. ^ Gabbatt, Adam (October 6, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street: protests and reaction Thursday 6 October". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/oct/06/occupy-wall-street-protests-live. Retrieved October 7, 2011. 
  4. ^ “Wall Street protests span continents, arrests climb“, Crain's New York Business, October 17, 2011.
  5. ^ "Intellectual Roots of Wall St. Protest Lie in Academe — Movement's principles arise from scholarship on anarchy". The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle.com/article/Intellectual-Roots-of-Wall/129428/. Retrieved 2012-23-2. 
  6. ^ a b c Apps, Peter (October 11, 2011). "Wall Street action part of global Arab Spring?". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/11/uk-global-politics-protest-idUSLNE79A03Z20111011. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 
  7. ^ a b Schwartz, Mattathias (2011-11-28). "Pre-Occupied". http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/11/28/111128fa_fact_schwartz?currentPage=all. Retrieved 2012-01-19. 
  8. ^ a b Fleming, Andrew (September 27, 2011). "Adbusters sparks Wall Street protest Vancouver-based activists behind street actions in the U.S". The Vancouver Courier. http://www.vancourier.com/Adbusters+sparks+Wall+Street+protest/5466332/story.html. Retrieved September 30, 2011. 
  9. ^ "#OCCUPYWALLSTREET: A shift in revolutionary tactics". Adbusters. http://www.adbusters.org/blogs/adbusters-blog/occupywallstreet.html. Retrieved 8 March 2012. 
  10. ^ Beeston, Laura (October 11, 2011). "The Ballerina and the Bull: Adbusters' Micah White on 'The Last Great Social Movement'". The Link. http://thelinknewspaper.ca/article/1951. Retrieved October 12, 2011. 
  11. ^ Schneider, Nathan (September 29, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street: FAQ". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/163719/occupy-wall-street-faq. Retrieved October 12, 2011. 
  12. ^ "The Tyee – Adbusters' Kalle Lasn Talks About OccupyWallStreet". Thetyee.ca. http://thetyee.ca/News/2011/10/07/Kalle-Lasn-Occupy-Wall-Street/. Retrieved October 13, 2011. 
  13. ^ Bennett, Drake (26 October 2011). "David Graeber, the Anti-Leader of Occupy Wall Street". Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/david-graeber-the-antileader-of-occupy-wall-street-10262011.html. Retrieved 13 February 2012. : "While there were weeks of planning yet to go, the important battle had been won. The show would be run by horizontals, and the choices that would follow—the decision not to have leaders or even designated police liaisons, the daily GAs and myriad working-group meetings that still form the heart of the protests in Zuccotti Park—all flowed from that"
  14. ^ "Occupy Wall Street's anarchist roots". Aljazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html. Retrieved 2012-23-2.  "It was only on August 2, when a small group of anarchists and other anti-authoritarians showed up at a meeting called by one such group and effectively wooed everyone away from the planned march and rally to create a genuine democratic assembly, on basically anarchist principles, that the stage was set for a movement that Americans from Portland to Tuscaloosa were willing to embrace."
  15. ^ Saba, Michael (September 17, 2011). "Twitter #occupywallstreet movement aims to mimic Iran". CNN tech. http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/16/tech/social-media/twitter-occupy-wall-street/index.html. Retrieved September 17, 2011. 
  16. ^ "Assange can still Occupy centre stage". Smh.com.au. 2011-10-29. http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/assange-can-still-occupy-centre-stage-20111028-1mo8x.html. Retrieved 2011-12-10. 
  17. ^ a b "'Occupy Wall Street' to Turn Manhattan into 'Tahrir Square'". IBTimes New York. September 17, 2011. http://newyork.ibtimes.com/articles/215511/20110917/occupy-wall-street-new-york-saturday-protest.htm. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
  18. ^ "From a single hashtag, a protest circled the world". Brisbanetimes.com.au. 2011-10-19. http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/technology/technology-news/from-a-single-hashtag-a-protest-circled-the-world-20111019-1m72j.html. Retrieved 2011-11-28. 
  19. ^ Batchelor, Laura (October 6, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street lands on private property". CNNMoney. http://money.cnn.com/2011/10/06/news/companies/occupy_wall_street_park/index.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Many of the Occupy Wall Street protesters might not realize it, but they got really lucky when they elected to gather at Zuccotti Park in downtown Manhattan" 
  20. ^ Wall Street: 300 Years of Protests OCTOBER 11, 2011 - By History.com Staff
  21. ^ Occupy's new tactic has a powerful past By Sonia K. Katyal and Eduardo M. Peñalver, Special to CNN December 16, 2011
  22. ^ Wall Street protest's long historical roots By Nicolaus Mills, Special to CNN October 11, 2011
  23. ^ A historical precedent that might prove a bonus for Occupy Wall Street by Nicolaus Mills in The Guardian, Saturday 19 November 2011 "The Great Depression offers a striking parallel to this week's attack on Occupy Wall Street."
  24. ^ Tahrir Square protesters send message of solidarity to Occupy Wall Street by Jack Shenker and Adam Gabbatt The Guardian, Tuesday 25 October 2011 "Much of the tactics, rhetoric and imagery deployed by protesters has clearly been inspired by this year's political upheavals in the Middle East..."
  25. ^ In the City and Wall Street, protest has occupied the mainstream By Polly Toynbee in The Guardian, Monday 17 October 2011 "From Santiago to Tokyo, Ottawa, Sarajevo and Berlin, spontaneous groups have been inspired by Occupy Wall Street."
  26. ^ Occupy Wall Street: A protest timeline "A relatively small gathering of young anarchists and aging hippies in lower Manhattan has spawned a national movement. What happened?"
  27. ^ a b Top 5 targets of Occupy Wall Street The Christian Science Monitor by Maud Dillingham
  28. ^ The Income Gap: Unfair, Or Are We Just Jealous? by Scott Horsley National Public Radia January 14, 2012
  29. ^ ""We Are the 99 Percent" Creators Revealed". Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progress.. http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/we-are-the-99-percent-creators. Retrieved 11-17-11. 
  30. ^ The Income Gap: Unfair, Or Are We Just Jealous? by Scott Horsley National Public Radia January 14, 2012
  31. ^ Sponsored by. "Income inequality in America: The 99 percent". The Economist. http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/10/income-inequality-america?page=1Income. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  32. ^ [1][dead link]
  33. ^ "Tax Data Show Richest 1 Percent Took a Hit in 2008, But Income Remained Highly Concentrated at the Top. Recent Gains of Bottom 90 Percent Wiped Out." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Accessed October 2011.
  34. ^ “By the Numbers.” Demos.org. Accessed October 2011.
  35. ^ Alessi, Christopher (October). "Occupy Wall Street's Global Echo". Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/united-states/occupy-wall-streets-global-echo/p26216. Retrieved October 17, 2011. ""The Occupy Wall Street protests that began in New York City a month ago gained worldwide momentum over the weekend, as hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in nine hundred cities protested corporate greed and wealth inequality."" 
  36. ^ Jones, Clarence (October 17, 2011). ">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/clarence-b-jones/obama-mlk-memorial-_b_1016077.html "Occupy Wall Street and the King Memorial Ceremonies". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/clarence-b-jones/obama-mlk-memorial-_b_1016077.html">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/clarence-b-jones/obama-mlk-memorial-_b_1016077.html. Retrieved October 17, 2011. ""The reality is that 'Occupy Wall Street' is raising the consciousness of the country on the fundamental issues of poverty, income inequality, economic justice, and the Obama administration's apparent double standard in dealing with Wall Street and the urgent problems of Main Street: unemployment, housing foreclosures, no bank credit to small business in spite of nearly three trillion of cash reserves made possible by taxpayers funding of TARP."" 
  37. ^ Chrystia Freeland (October 14, 2011). "Wall Street protesters need to find their 'sound bite'". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/commentary/chrystia-freeland/wall-street-protesters-need-to-find-their-sound-bite/article2200223/. Retrieved October 17, 2011. 
  38. ^ ael Hiltzik (December 31, 2011). "Presidential campaign needs to get real on salvaging middle class". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/31/business/la-fi-hiltzik-20120101. Retrieved 25 April 2012. 
  39. ^ David R. Francis (2012-01-24). "Thanks to Occupy, rich-poor gap is front and center. See Mitt Romney's tax return.". CSMonitor.com. http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2012/0124/Thanks-to-Occupy-rich-poor-gap-is-front-and-center.-See-Mitt-Romney-s-tax-return. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  40. ^ "Six in 10 Support Policies Addressing Income Inequality - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. 2011-11-09. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/11/six-in-10-support-policies-addressing-income-inequality/. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  41. ^ Seitz, Alex (2011-10-31). "Occupy Wall Street's Success: Even Republicans Are Talking About Income Inequality". ThinkProgress. http://thinkprogress.org/special/2011/10/31/357001/how-ows-has-already-succeeded/?mobile=nc. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  42. ^ a b Occupy protestors say it is 99% v 1%. Are they right? The Guardian Data Blog, by Simon Rogers, Wednesday 16 November
  43. ^ You Say You Want a Revolution by Andrew Sullivan The Daily Beast Oct 22, 2011
  44. ^ Cozy relationships and ‘peer benchmarking’ send CEOs’ pay soaring The Washington Post with Bloomberg, special report on Breakaway Wealth, By Peter Whoriskey, October 3, 2011
  45. ^ Ratcheting up pay with peer comparison The Washington Post with Bloomberg, October 3, 2011.
  46. ^ Income Inequality The New York Times March 22, 2012
  47. ^ Another idea for student loan debt: Make it go away By Petra Cahill Reporting for MSNBC, updated 10/26/2011
  48. ^ Occupy Wall Street: It’s Not a Hippie Thing By Roger Lowenstein, Bloomberg Businessweek October 27, 2011
  49. ^ Occupy Wall Street vows to carry on after arrests San Francisco Chronicle, Associated Press Monday, March 19, 2012
  50. ^ Student loans add to angst at Occupy Wall Street Los Angeles Times By Geraldine Baum, October 25, 2011
  51. ^ New York Times
  52. ^ Walsh, Joan (2011-10-20). "Do we know what OWS wants yet?". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/2011/10/20/do_we_know_what_ows_wants_yet/singleton/. Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
  53. ^ "Occupy Protesters' One Demand: A New New Deal—Well, Maybe". Mother Jones. 2011-10-18. http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/occupy-wall-street-demands-new-deal. Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
  54. ^ Graeber, David. "Occupy Wall Street's Anarchist Roots". Al Jazeera English. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html. Retrieved 13 February 2012. 
  55. ^ Kleinfield, N.R.; Buckley, Cara (September 30, 2011). "Wall Street Occupiers, Protesting Till Whenever". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/nyregion/wall-street-occupiers-protesting-till-whenever.html?_r=1&ref=occupywallstreet. Retrieved October 3, 2011. 
  56. ^ Protesters 'Occupy Wall Street' to Rally Against Corporate America, Ray Downs, Christian Post, September 18, 2011
  57. ^ a b Protesters Want World to Know They’re Just Like Us, Jocelyn Noveck, Associated Press via the Long Island Press, October 10, 2011
  58. ^ a b Who is Occupy Wall Street? After six weeks, a profile finally emerges. The Christian Science Monitor By Gloria Goodale, November 1, 2011
  59. ^ "Religion claims its place in Occupy Wall Street". Boston University. 2011. http://news.yahoo.com/religion-claims-place-occupy-wall-street-171204904.html. "Inside, a Buddha statue sits near a picture of Jesus, while a hand-lettered sign in the corner points toward Mecca." 
  60. ^ [www.rabbichaimgruber.com The rabbi's personal website, including links to various media reports of his activity with Occupy Wall Street]
  61. ^ Letter to Occupy Wall Street from www.nycga.net
  62. ^ Rabbi Gruber widely quoted in media reports about the 11/15/12 police raid on Zuccotti Park from www.haaretz.com
  63. ^ Photo of Rabbi Gruber at Foley Sq., immediately following NYPD clearing of Zuccotti Park on Nov. 15, 2012. From www2.macleans.ca
  64. ^ "Infographic: Who Is Occupy Wall Street?". FastCompany.com. http://www.fastcompany.com//1792056/occupy-wall-street-demographics-infographic. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  65. ^ Parker, Kathleen (November 26, 2011). "Why African Americans aren’t embracing Occupy Wall Street". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-blacks-arent-embracing-occupy-wall-street/2011/11/16/gIQAwc3FwN_story.html. Retrieved December 8, 2011. 
  66. ^ [2] By Occupywallst, OccupyWallSt.org 19 OCT 2011
  67. ^ The Demographics Of Occupy Wall Street BY Sean Captain, Fast Company, Oct 19, 2011
  68. ^ [3] By Professor Costas Panagopoulos, Fordham University, October 2011
  69. ^ "Jonah Goldberg: Occupy Wall Street protesters are the extremists, not the tea party — Baltimore Sun". Articles.baltimoresun.com. 2011-10-11. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2011-10-11/news/bs-ed-goldberg-occupy-wall-street-20111011_1_debt-forgiveness-mortgage-debt-tea-party. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
  70. ^ Westfeldt, Amy (2011-12-15). "Occupy Wall Street's center shows some cracks". BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9RKV7HO0.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-15. 
  71. ^ Penny, Laura (16 October 2011). "Protest By Consensus". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/laurie-penny/2011/10/spain-movement-square-world. Retrieved 11 November 2011. 
  72. ^ Occupy Wall Street Expands, Tensions Mount Over Structure International Business Times by Jeremy B. White, October 25, 2011
  73. ^ "Occupy Wall Street’s Media Team, Columbia Journalism Review's New Frontier Database, October 5, 2011
  74. ^ New York City General Assembly website, last visited 20 Nov. 2011
  75. ^ The New York Observer, 8 Nov. 2011, Occupy Wall Street Moves Indoors With Spokes Council
  76. ^ "Occupy Wall Street takes a new direction". Crain Communications Inc.. http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20111113/ECONOMY/311139975. Retrieved 11-13-11. 
  77. ^ "Does 'Occupy Wall Street' have leaders? Does it need any?". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/1010/Does-Occupy-Wall-Street-have-leaders-Does-it-need-any. Retrieved October 25, 2011. 
  78. ^ Astor, Maggie (October 4, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street Protests: A Fordham University Professor Analyzes the Movement". International Business Times. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/224719/20111004/occupy-wall-street-protest-demands-zuccotti-heather-gautney-fordham.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Fordham University Sociologist Heather Gautney in an interview with the International Business Times 'the movement doesn't have leaders, but it certainly has organizers, and there are certainly people providing a human structure to this thing. There might not be these kinds of public leaders, but there are people running it, and I think that's inevitable.'" 
  79. ^ Giove, Candice (2012-1-8). nypost.com. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/ows_has_money_to_burn_zbjQcSF86gzz8vvVDSNZgM has money to burn. 
  80. ^ Burruss, Logan (November 21, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street has money to burn". CNN.com. http://money.cnn.com/2011/11/21/news/occupy_wall_street_money/. Retrieved 11-21-11. 
  81. ^ "Expenditures | Accounting". Accounting.nycga.net. 2011-10-15. http://accounting.nycga.net/expenditures/. Retrieved 2012-03-18. 
  82. ^ Firger, Jessica. "Occupy Groups Get Funding". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203833004577249811049566178.html. 
  83. ^ Nichols, Michelle. "Occupy Wall Street in New York running low on cash". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/us-usa-occupy-funds-idUSBRE8281CM20120309. 
  84. ^ Cabrera, Claudio. "Is Occupy Wall Street Running Out of Money?". http://www.theroot.com/occupy-wall-street-no-money-left. 
  85. ^ "Occupy Wall Street in New York running out of cash". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/09/usa-occupy-funds-idUSL2E8E9GFU20120309. 
  86. ^ Firger, Jessica (2012-02-28). "Occupy Wall Street Movement Gets Corporate Support - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203833004577249811049566178.html. Retrieved 2012-03-18. 
  87. ^ Simon, Scott. "Ben And Jerry Raise Dough For Occupy Movement". NPR. http://www.npr.org/2012/03/03/147861379/ben-and-jerry-raise-dough-for-occupy-movement. 
  88. ^ Farnham, Alan. "Springtime for Occupy: Movement's Plans For Coming Weeks and Months". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Business/occupy-wall-street-movement-plans-spring-surprises/story?id=15870450#.T13RIDE7WAh. 
  89. ^ "Somewhere between 100 and 200 people sleep in Zuccotti Park...." "Many occupiers were still in their sleeping bags at 9 or 10 am" Wall Street functions like a small city, Associated Press, October 7, 2011
  90. ^ a b The Occupy Economy, by Anne Kadet, Wall Street Journal, October 15, 2011
  91. ^ Oloffson, Kristi (October 12, 2011). "Food Vendors Find Few Customers During Protest". Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2011/10/12/food-vendors-find-few-customers-during-protest/. Retrieved 24 October 2011. 
  92. ^ GIOVE, CANDICE (13 November 2011). "Occupy Wall Street costs local businesses $479,400!". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/item_Wq8d8Q0M0W98jwaQAVPvYL. Retrieved 15 November 2011. 
  93. ^ Protest mob is enjoying rich diet By REBECCA ROSENBERG, New York Post, October 19, 2011
  94. ^ Occupy Wall Street kitchen staff protesting fixing food for freeloaders By Selim Algar and Bob Fredricks, New York Post, October 27, 2011
  95. ^ Kadet, Anne (October 15, 2011). "The Occupy Economy". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204002304576631084250433462.html/. 
  96. ^ Richard Kim on October 3, 2011 – 7:19 pm ET (October 3, 2011). "We Are All Human Microphones Now". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/blog/163767/we-are-all-human-microphones-now. Retrieved October 13, 2011. 
  97. ^ "A general assembly of anyone who wants to attend meets twice daily. Because it's hard to be heard above the din of lower Manhattan and because the city is not allowing bullhorns or microphones, the protesters have devised a system of hand symbols. Fingers downward means you disagree. Arms crossed means you strongly disagree. Announcements are made via the "people's mic... you say it and the people immediately around you repeat it and pass the word along. "Wall Street functions like a small city, Associated Press, October 7, 2011
  98. ^ "Behind the sign marked “info” sat computers, , generators, wireless routers, and lots of electrical cords. This is the media center, where the protesters group and distribute their messages. Those who count themselves among the media team for Occupy Wall Street are self appointed; the same goes with all teams within this community." ""I later learned that power comes from a gas-powered generator which runs, among other things, multiple 4G wireless Internet hotspots that provide Internet access to the scrappy collection of laptops." "Occupy Wall Street’s Media Team, Columbia Journalism Review's New Frontier Database, October 5, 2011
  99. ^ The Technology Propelling #OccupyWallStreet , the Daily Beast , October 6, 2011
  100. ^ New York Authorities Remove Fuel, Generators From Occupy Wall Street Site, Esmé E. Deprez and Charles Mead, Bloomberg News, Oct 28, 2011; accessed November 2, 2011
  101. ^ With Generators Gone, Wall Street Protesters Try Bicycle Power, Colin Moynihan, New York Times, October 30, 2011; accessed November 2, 2011
  102. ^ "as the protest has grown, the media team has been busy coordinating, notably through the “unofficial,” Occupytogether.org. It’s a hub for all Occupy-inspired happenings and updates, a key part of the internal communications network for the Occupy demonstrations. While sitting in the media tent I saw several Skype sessions with other demonstrators. At one point a bunch of people gathered around a computer shouting, “Hey Scotland!” Members of the media team also maintain a livestream, and keep a steady flow of updates on Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr." "Occupy Wall Street’s Media Team, Columbia Journalism Review's New Frontier Database, October 5, 2011
  103. ^ Kelly: Protesters To Be ‘Met With Force’ If They Target Officers, CBS News, October 6, 2011
  104. ^ Grossman, Andrew (September 26, 2011). "Protest Has Unlikely Host". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204831304576593371443552888.html. Retrieved October 9, 2011. 
  105. ^ a b Allison Kilkenny on October 14, 2011 – 8:46 am ET. "Occupy Wall Street Protesters Win Showdown With Bloomberg". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/blog/163981/occupy-wall-street-protesters-win-showdown-bloomberg. Retrieved October 16, 2011. 
  106. ^ a b "Cleanup Canceled", BusinessWeek, 2011-10-14.
  107. ^ Deprez, Esmé E., Joel Stonington and Chris Dolmetsch, "Occupy Wall Street Park Cleaning Postponed", Bloomberg, Oct 14, 2011 11:37 AM EDT.
  108. ^ Walker, Jade (November 15, 2011). "Zuccotti Park Eviction: NYPD Orders Occupy Wall Street Protesters To Temporarily Evacuate Park [LATEST UPDATES]". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/15/zuccotti-park-evacuation_n_1094164.html. Retrieved 2011-11-17. 
  109. ^ CNN Wire Staff (November 15, 2011). "New York court upholds eviction of "Occupy" protesters". www.cnn.com. http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/15/us/new-york-occupy-eviction/index.html?hpt=hp_t1. Retrieved November 15, 2011. "A New York Supreme Court has ruled not to extend a temporary restraining order that prevented the eviction of "Occupy" protesters who were encamped at Zuccotti Park, considered a home-base for demonstrators. Police in riot gear cleared out the protesters early Tuesday morning, a move that attorneys for the loosely defined group say was unlawful. But Justice Michael Stallman later ruled in favor of New York city officials and Brookfield properties, owners and developers of the privately-owned park in Lower Manhattan. The order does not prevent protesters from gathering in the park, but says their First Amendment rights not do include remaining there, "along with their tents, structures, generators, and other installations to the exclusion of the owner's reasonable rights and duties to maintain Zuccotti Park."" 
  110. ^ "You can't evict an idea whose time has come."- official statement of Occupy Wall Street Media Team, posted November 15, 2011, 1:36 a.m. EST
  111. ^ "Protesters Occupy New Year in Zuccotti Park". http://www.nydailynews.com/news/yup-back-protesters-occupy-year-article-1.999412. Retrieved 1 January 2012. 
  112. ^ "OWS Clash With Police At Zuccotti Park". http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/ows-clash-with-police-at-zuccotti-park-20120101-ncx. Retrieved 1 January 2012. 
  113. ^ "After Occupy Wall Street Encampment Ends, NYC Protesters Become Nomads". Huffingtonpost.com. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/12/occupy-wall-street-after-encampment-protesters-nomads_n_1201542.html. Retrieved 2012-01-30. 
  114. ^ Jill Colvin. "Occupy Wall Street Cost NYPD $17 Million in Overtime Read more: http://www.dnainfo.com/20120315/downtown/occupy-wall-street-cost-nypd-17-million-overtime#ixzz1q1ZqVeiS". http://www.dnainfo.com/20120315/downtown/occupy-wall-street-cost-nypd-17-million-overtime. Retrieved 24 March 2012. 
  115. ^ Goldenberg, Sally (2012-03-16). "Occupy Wall Street cost the NYPD $17 million in overtime, Ray Kelly said". NYPOST.com. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/ot_for_ows_4SD2cPuzQqBFIWFGNGa5rN. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  116. ^ Joe Kemp (2012-03-16). "OWS protests cost city $17M in OT — Kelly - New York Daily News". Articles.nydailynews.com. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-03-16/news/31202760_1_police-coverage-protests-cost-overtime. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  117. ^ Moynihan, Colin (2012-03-17). "Scores Arrested as the Police Clear Zuccotti Park - NYTimes.com". Zuccotti Park (NYC): Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/arrests-made-as-protesters-mark-occupy-wall-streets-six-month-anniversary/. Retrieved 2012-04-23. 
  118. ^ Ryan Devereaux (2012-03-18). "Dozens arrested as Occupy Wall Street marks anniversary with fresh protests". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/18/occupy-wall-street-six-month-anniversary?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2012-03-22. 
  119. ^ Occupy Wall Street demonstrators march to protest against police violence The Guardian Saturday 24 March 2012
  120. ^ Celona, Larry (October 18, 2011). "Thieves preying on fellow protesters". www.nypost.com. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/criminal_occupation_oh3CnKANUqYHrGPCaZaLRK. 
  121. ^ Siegal, Ida. "Man Arrested for Breaking EMT's Leg at Occupy Wall Street". NBC New York. http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Occupy-Wall-Street-EMT-Assaulted-Zuccotti-Park-Arrest-133613788.html. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
  122. ^ "Michael Bloomberg: Crime at Occupy Wall Street goes unreported". Free Daily News Group Inc.. http://www.metro.us/newyork/local/article/1015197--michael-bloomberg-occupy-crime-is-unreported. Retrieved 11-11-11. 
  123. ^ "Occupy Wall Street protesters at odds with Mayor Bloomberg, NYPD over crime in Zuccotti Park". New York: NYDailyNews.com. http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/occupy-wall-street-protesters-odds-mayor-bloomberg-nypd-crime-zuccotti-park-article-1.971741. Retrieved 11-11-11. 
  124. ^ "Occupy Wall Street Erects Women-Only Tent After Reports Of Sexual Assaults". The Gothamist News. http://gothamist.com/2011/11/05/occupy_wall_street_erects_women-onl.php. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  125. ^ Schram, Jamie (November 3, 2011). "Protester busted in tent grope, suspected in rape of another demonstrator". NY POST. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/manhattan/protester_busted_in_tent_grope_QxAzp8mG8pULWA6cPzgnXL. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  126. ^ "Man Arrested For Groping Protester Also Eyed In Zuccotti Park Rape Case". WPIX. http://www.wpix.com/news/wpix-zuccotti-sex-abuse,0,2577863.story. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  127. ^ Dejohn, Irving; Kemp, Joe. "Arrest made in Occupy Wall St. sex attack; Suspect eyed in another Zuccotti gropingCase". New York: NY Daily News. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-11-02/news/30352474_1_connecticut-man-encampment-demonstrators. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  128. ^ "Occupy Protests Plagued by Reports of Sex Attacks, Violent Crime". NY Daily News. November 9, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/11/09/rash-sex-attacks-and-violent-crime-breaks-out-at-occupy-protests. Retrieved 2011-11-21. 
  129. ^ Michael Hastings (2011-11-16). "Exclusive: Homeland Security Kept Tabs on Occupy Wall Street | Michael Hastings | Politics News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/blogs/national-affairs/exclusive-homeland-security-kept-tabs-on-occupy-wall-street-20120228#ixzz1nkxlehSX. Retrieved 2012-03-18. 
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  133. ^ Boxer, Sarah (October 5, 2011). "Romney: Wall Street Protests 'Class Warfare'". National Journal. http://www.nationaljournal.com/2012-presidential-campaign/romney-wall-street-protests-class-warfare--20111004. Retrieved October 8, 2011. 
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  135. ^ "Pelosi Supports Occupy Wall Street Movement". ABC news. October 9, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/pelosi-supports-occupy-wall-street-movement/story?id=14696893. 
  136. ^ "Occupy Wall Street gets union support". United Press International. September 30, 2011. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/09/30/Occupy-Wall-Street-gets-union-support/UPI-89641317369600. Retrieved October 2, 2011. 
  137. ^ Stoeffel, Kat (September 26, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street's Media Problems". The New York Observer. http://www.observer.com/2011/09/occupy-wall-streets-media-problems/. Retrieved October 6, 2011. 
  138. ^ "Will Bunch on mainstream media's failure to cover Occupy Wall Street protests". Countdown with Keith Olberann. current.com. September 21, 2011. http://current.com/shows/countdown/videos/will-bunch-author-of-the-backlash-on-mainstream-medias-failure-to-cover-wall-street-protests. Retrieved September 22, 2011. 

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