Demographics of Canada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1851 | 2,415,000 | — |
| 1861 | 3,174,000 | +31.4% |
| 1871 | 3,689,000 | +16.2% |
| 1881 | 4,325,000 | +17.2% |
| 1891 | 4,833,000 | +11.7% |
| 1901 | 5,371,000 | +11.1% |
| 1911 | 7,207,000 | +34.2% |
| 1921 | 8,788,000 | +21.9% |
| 1931 | 10,377,000 | +18.1% |
| 1941 | 11,507,000 | +10.9% |
| 1951 | 14,009,000 | +21.7% |
| 1961 | 18,238,000 | +30.2% |
| 1971 | 21,962,000 | +20.4% |
| 1981 | 24,820,000 | +13.0% |
| 1991 | 28,031,000 | +12.9% |
| 2001 | 31,021,000 | +10.7% |
| 2010 est. | 34,789,000 | +12.1% |
| Source: Statistics Canada[1] | ||
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Canada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, the People of Canada.
- Population of Canada 2011: 33,476,688 (2011 Census[2])
- Population of Canada current: 34,265,000 (Est.[Note 1])
Contents |
[edit] Provinces and territories
| Province or territory | Population | Percentage of national pop. | Total area (km2) | Population density | Seats in House of Commons | People per House Seat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 13,119,251 | 38.73% | 1,076,395 | 12.19 | 106 | 123,767 |
| Quebec | 7,856,881 | 23.19% | 1,365,128 | 5.76 | 75 | 104,758 |
| British Columbia | 4,479,934 | 13.23% | 925,186 | 4.84 | 36 | 124,443 |
| Alberta | 3,703,979 | 10.93% | 642,317 | 5.77 | 28 | 132,285 |
| Manitoba | 1,226,196 | 3.62% | 553,556 | 2.22 | 14 | 87,585 |
| Saskatchewan | 1,034,974 | 3.06% | 591,670 | 1.75 | 14 | 73,927 |
| Nova Scotia | 940,397 | 2.78% | 53,338 | 17.63 | 11 | 85,491 |
| New Brunswick | 750,457 | 2.22% | 71,450 | 10.50 | 10 | 75,046 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 510,272 | 1.51% | 373,872 | 1.36 | 7 | 72,896 |
| Prince Edward Island | 141,374 | 0.42% | 5,660 | 24.98 | 4 | 35,344 |
| Northwest Territories | 43,244 | 0.13% | 1,183,085 | 0.037 | 1 | 43,244 |
| Yukon | 33,963 | 0.10% | 474,391 | 0.072 | 1 | 33,963 |
| Nunavut | 32,435 | 0.10% | 1,936,113 | 0.017 | 1 | 32,435 |
| Canada | 33,873,357 | 100% | 9,252,161 | 3.73 | 308 | 109,167 |
[edit] Cities
|
Largest cities of Canada 2011 Census[5] |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | Province | Pop. | Rank | City name | Province | Pop. | ||
 Toronto |
1 | Toronto | Ontario | 2,615,060 | 11 | Quebec City | Quebec | 516,622 |  Calgary |
| 2 | Montreal | Quebec | 1,649,519 | 12 | Surrey | British Columbia | 468,251 | ||
| 3 | Calgary | Alberta | 1,096,833 | 13 | Laval | Quebec | 401,553 | ||
| 4 | Ottawa | Ontario | 883,391 | 14 | Halifax | Nova Scotia | 390,096 | ||
| 5 | Edmonton | Alberta | 812,201 | 15 | London | Ontario | 366,151 | ||
| 6 | Mississauga | Ontario | 713,443 | 16 | Markham | Ontario | 301,709 | ||
| 7 | Winnipeg | Manitoba | 663,617 | 17 | Vaughan | Ontario | 288,301 | ||
| 8 | Vancouver | British Columbia | 603,502 | 18 | Gatineau | Quebec | 265,349 | ||
| 9 | Brampton | Ontario | 523,911 | 19 | Longueuil | Quebec | 231,409 | ||
| 10 | Hamilton | Ontario | 519,949 | 20 | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | 222,189 | ||
| Largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population (2011 Census) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Province | Population | Name | Province | Population | |||
| Toronto | Ontario | 5,583,064 | London | Ontario | 474,786 | |||
| Montreal | Quebec | 3,824,221 | St. Catharines–Niagara | Ontario | 392,184 | |||
| Vancouver | British Columbia | 2,313,328 | Halifax | Nova Scotia | 390,328 | |||
| Ottawa–Gatineau | Ontario–Quebec | 1,236,324 | Oshawa | Ontario | 356,177 | |||
| Calgary | Alberta | 1,214,839 | Victoria | British Columbia | 344,615 | |||
| Edmonton | Alberta | 1,159,869 | Windsor | Ontario | 319,246 | |||
| Quebec | Quebec | 765,706 | Saskatoon | Saskatchewan | 260,600 | |||
| Winnipeg | Manitoba | 730,018 | Regina | Saskatchewan | 210,556 | |||
| Hamilton | Ontario | 721,053 | Sherbrooke | Quebec | 201,890 | |||
| Kitchener–Cambridge-Waterloo | Ontario | 477,160 | St. John's | Newfoundland and Labrador | 196,966 | |||
[edit] Median age
- total: 39.7 years
- male: 38.6 years
- female: 40.4 years (2010)
Median age by province and territory, 2010 Census
- Nova Scotia: 42.8
- Newfoundland and Labrador: 43.3
- New Brunswick:42.7
- Quebec: 41.2
- British Columbia: 40.8
- Prince Edward Island: 42.1
- Ontario: 39.4
- Saskatchewan: 37.5
- Yukon: 38.9
- Manitoba: 37.7
- Alberta: 35.8
- Northwest Territories: 31.5
- Nunavut: 24.6
Total: 39.7
- Sources: Statistics Canada[6]
[edit] Population growth rates
Further information: List of population of Canada by years
According to OECD/World Bank the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4 % growth in population compared to 21.7 % growth in the USA and 31.2 % growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world population growth was 27 % and 1,423 billion persons.[7]
| Rank | Province or Territory | 2006 pop. | 2001 pop. | Growth | % Change | Percentage of national pop. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ontario | 12,160,282 | 11,410,046 | 750,236 | 6.6 | 38.47% |
| 2 | Alberta | 3,290,350 | 2,974,807 | 315,543 | 10.6 | 10.40% |
| 3 | Quebec | 7,546,131 | 7,237,479 | 308,652 | 4.3 | 23.87% |
| 4 | British Columbia | 4,113,487 | 3,907,738 | 205,749 | 5.3 | 13.01% |
| 5 | Manitoba | 1,148,401 | 1,119,583 | 28,818 | 2.6 | 3.63% |
| 6 | Nova Scotia | 913,462 | 908,007 | 5,455 | 0.6 | 2.89% |
| 7 | Northwest Territories | 41,464 | 37,360 | 4,104 | 11.0 | 0.13% |
| 8 | Nunavut | 29,474 | 26,745 | 2,729 | 10.2 | 0.09% |
| 9 | Yukon | 30,372 | 28,674 | 1,698 | 5.9 | 0.09% |
| 10 | Prince Edward Island | 135,851 | 135,294 | 557 | 0.4 | 0.43% |
| 11 | New Brunswick | 729,997 | 729,498 | 499 | 0.1 | 2.31% |
| 12 | Newfoundland and Labrador | 505,469 | 512,930 | -7,461 | -1.5 | 1.60% |
| 13 | Saskatchewan | 968,157 | 978,933 | -10,776 | -1.1 | 2.96% |
| Total | Canada | 31,612,897 | 30,007,094 | 1,605,893 | 5.4 | 100.00% |
Derived from: Statistics Canada - (table) Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 and 2001 Censuses - 100% Data
Last modified (by source): N/A
Compiled/added to Wikipedia: 2007-07-22
[edit] Vital statistics
Birth rate: 11.1 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate: 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Net migration rate: 5.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Sex ratio:
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
- 15 - 64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy:
- total population: 81.23 years
- male: 78.69 years
- female: 83.91 years (2009 est.)
Age structure:[8]
- 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,761,711/female 2,626,836)
- 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 11,633,950/female 11,381,735)
- 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 2,220,189/female 2,862,787) (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.67 children born/woman (2009 est.)[9]
[edit] Population projection
US Census Bureau, 2010 est:[10]
- 2020: 36,387,000
- 2030: 38,565,000
- 2040: 40,070,000
- 2050: 41,136,000
United Nations, 2010 est:[11]
- 2020: 37,163,000
- 2030: 39,850,000
- 2040: 41,882,000
- 2050: 43,642,000
- 2060: 45,101,000
- 2070: 46,271,000
- 2080: 47,206,000
- 2090: 47,906,000
- 2100: 48,290,000
[edit] Ethnicity
Nationality:
- noun: Canadian(s)
- adjective: Canadian
[edit] Ethnic origin
Main article: Ethnic origins of people in Canada
Canadians were able to self-identify one or more ethnic origins in the 2006 census. Percentages therefore add up to more than 100%. The most common response was 'Canadian'. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethnocultural ancestries.
Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, approximately 28% of the population will be foreign-born. The number of people belonging to visible minority groups will double,[12] and make up the majority of the population in Toronto and Vancouver.
Single responses: 18.40% of respondents gave a single response of 'Canadian', while a further 13.82% identified with both 'Canadian', and one or more other ancestries. 4.38% of respondents gave a single response of English, 3.94% gave a single response of French, 3.63% gave a single response of Chinese, 2.50% gave a single response of East Indian, 2.37% gave a single response of Italian, 2.15% gave a single response of German, 1.82% gave a single response of Scottish, 1.64% gave a single response of North American Indian, 1.57% gave a single response of Irish, and 1.03% gave a single response of Filipino.
Multiple responses: Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2006):
| Ethnic origin[Note 2] | % | Population | Area of largest proportion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canadian | 32.22% | 10,066,290 | Quebec (66.2%) |
| English | 21.03% | 6,570,015 | Newfoundland and Labrador (43.2%) |
| French | 15.82% | 4,941,210 | Quebec (28.9%) |
| Scottish | 15.11% | 4,719,850 | Prince Edward Island (40.5%) |
| Irish | 13.94% | 4,354,155 | Prince Edward Island (29.2%) |
| German | 10.18% | 3,179,425 | Saskatchewan (30.0%) |
| Italian | 4.63% | 1,445,335 | Ontario (7.2%) |
| Chinese | 4.31% | 1,346,510 | British Columbia (10.6%) |
| North American Indian | 4.01% | 1,253,615 | Northwest Territories (36.5%) |
| Ukrainian | 3.87% | 1,209,085 | Manitoba (14.8%) |
| Dutch (Netherlands) | 3.32% | 1,035,965 | Alberta (5.3%) |
| Polish | 3.15% | 984,565 | Manitoba (7.3%) |
| East Indian | 3.08% | 962,665 | British Columbia (5.7%) |
| Russian | 1.60% | 500,600 | Manitoba (4.3%) |
| Arabs | 1.51% | 470,580 | Quebec (2.8%) |
| Welsh | 1.41% | 440,965 | Yukon (3.1%) |
| Filipino | 1.40% | 436,190 | Manitoba (3.5%) |
| Norwegian | 1.38% | 432,515 | Saskatchewan (7.2%) |
| Portuguese | 1.32% | 410,850 | Ontario (2.4%) |
| Métis | 1.31% | 409,065 | Northwest Territories (6.9%) |
| British, not included elsewhere | 1.29% | 403,915 | Yukon (2.3%) |
| Swedish | 1.07% | 334,765 | Saskatchewan (3.5%) |
| Spanish | 1.04% | 325,730 | British Columbia (1.3%) |
| American | 1.01% | 316,350 | Yukon (2.0%) |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | 1.01% | 315,510 | Saskatchewan (2.9%) |
| Jewish | 1.01% | 315,120 | Ontario (1.5%) |
Data from the same subject matter, though from 2001, is also grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada as follows:[13]
| 2001 % | |
|---|---|
| North American (non-aboriginal) | 40.21% |
| British Isles | 33.64% |
| French | 15.89% |
| Western European | 12.78% |
| Eastern European | 8.50% |
| Southern European | 7.87% |
| 2001 % | |
|---|---|
| East and Southeast Asian | 6.03% |
| Aboriginal | 4.45% |
| South Asian | 3.25% |
| Northern European | 3.22% |
| Caribbean | 1.70% |
| Other European | 1.28% |
| 2001 % | |
|---|---|
| Arab | 1.17% |
| African | 0.99% |
| Latin, Central and South American |
0.82% |
| West Asian | 0.69% |
| Oceania | 0.16% |
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030 in 2006) and total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries with responses totalling to more than 1% of the total number of responses are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[14][15]
[edit] Visible minorities
For a definition see visible minority.
| Year | 1996[16] | 1996% | 2001[17] | 2001% | 2006[18] | 2006% |
| South Asian | 670,590 | 2.35% | 917,070 | 3.09% | 1,233,275 | 4.00% |
| Chinese | 860,150 | 3.02% | 1,029,395 | 3.47% | 1,168,485 | 3.70% |
| Black | 573,860 | 2.01% | 662,215 | 2.23% | 783,795 | 2.50% |
| Filipino | 234,195 | 0.82% | 308,575 | 1.04% | 389,550 | 1.30% |
| Latin American | 176,970 | 0.62% | 304,245 | 1.00% | ||
| Arab | 265,550 | 0.90% | ||||
| Southeast Asian | 172,765 | 0.61% | 231,425 | 0.70% | ||
| West Asian | 156,700 | 0.50% | ||||
| Korean | 64,835 | 0.23% | 138,425 | 0.40% | ||
| Japanese | 68,135 | 0.24% | 98,900 | 0.32% | ||
| Multiple visible minorities | 61,575 | 0.22% | 104,215 | 0.30% | ||
| Visible minority, n.i.e. | 69,745 | 0.24% | 71,420 | 0.20% | ||
| Total visible minority population | 3,197,480 | 11.21% | 3,983,845 | 13.44% | 5,068,095 | 16.20% |
| Non Visible-Minority Population | 25,330,645 | 88.79% | 25,655,185 | 86.56% | 26,172,935 | 83.78% |
| Total Population | 28,528,125 | 100.00% | 29,639,030 | 100.00% | 31,241,030 | 100.00% |
[edit] Aboriginal status
The 2006 census counted a total Canadian Aboriginal population of 1,172,790 (3.75%) which includes 698,025 First Nations (2.23%), 389,785 Métis (1.25%), and 50,480 Inuit (0.16%). Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (31,241,030)[19]
| Province/Territory | Number | % provincial[20] |
% national[20] |
Indian ,(First Nations) |
Métis | Inuit | Multiple [20] | Other[20] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ontario | 242,495 | 2.0% | 20.7% | 158,400 | 73,610 | 2,040 | 1,910 | 6,540 |
| British Columbia | 196,075 | 4.8% | 16.7% | 129,575 | 59,445 | 795 | 1,655 | 4,605 |
| Alberta | 188,365 | 5.8% | 16.1% | 97,280 | 85,495 | 1,605 | 1,220 | 2,760 |
| Manitoba | 175,395 | 15.5% | 15.0% | 100,645 | 71,805 | 565 | 680 | 1,695 |
| Saskatchewan | 141,890 | 14.9% | 12.1% | 91,400 | 48,115 | 220 | 625 | 1,530 |
| Quebec | 108,430 | 1.5% | 9.2% | 65,085 | 27,980 | 10,950 | 955 | 3,450 |
| Nunavut | 24,915 | 85.0% | 2.1% | 100 | 125 | 24,640 | 30 | 20 |
| Nova Scotia | 24,175 | 2.7% | 2.1% | 15,240 | 7,680 | 320 | 100 | 830 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 23,450 | 4.7% | 2.0% | 7,765 | 6,470 | 4,715 | 290 | 4,205 |
| Northwest Territories | 20,635 | 50.3% | 1.8% | 12,640 | 3,580 | 4,160 | 105 | 145 |
| New Brunswick | 17,655 | 2.5% | 1.5% | 12,385 | 4,270 | 185 | 100 | 710 |
| Yukon | 7,580 | 25.1% | 0.6% | 6,275 | 800 | 255 | 50 | 190 |
| Prince Edward Island | 1,730 | 1.3% | 0.1% | 1,230 | 385 | 30 | 10 | 75 |
| Canada | 1,172,790 | 3.8% | 100.0% | 698,025 | 389,785 | 50,480 | 7,740 | 26,760 |
| Sources: 2006 Census[21][22][23] | ||||||||
[edit] Religions
See also: Religion in Canada
| 1991 number |
1991 % |
2001 number |
2001 % |
% change (in numbers) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 22,468,260 | 83 | 22,799,645 | 77 | -1.5 |
| - Catholic | 12,335,255 | 45.7 | 12,936,905 | 43.6 | +4.8 |
| - Protestant | 9,427,675 | 34.9 | 8,654,850 | 29.2 | -8.2 |
| - United Church of Canada | 3,093,120 | 11.3 | 2,839,125 | 9.5 | -8.2 |
| - Anglican Church of Canada | 2,188,110 | 8.0 | 2,035,495 | 6.8 | -7.0 |
| - Lutheran | 636,205 | 2.3 | 606,590 | 2.0 | -4.7 |
| - Presbyterian | 636,295 | 2.3 | 409,830 | 1.4 | -35.6 |
| - Pentecostal | 436,435 | 1.6 | 369,475 | 1.2 | -15.3 |
| - Mennonite | 207,970 | 0.8 | 191,465 | 0.6 | -7.9 |
| - Jehovah's Witnesses | 168,375 | 0.6 | 154,745 | 0.5 | -8.1 |
| - Methodist | 83,910 | 0.3 | 106,545 | 0.4 | +27.0 |
| - Mormon | 100,770 | 0.4 | 104,750 | 0.3 | +3.9 |
| - Salvation Army | 112,345 | 0.4 | 87,785 | 0.3 | -21.9 |
| - Christian Reformed Church in North America | 84,685 | 0.3 | 76,665 | 0.3 | -9.5 |
| - Christian and Missionary Alliance | 59,365 | 0.2 | 66,280 | 0.2 | +11.9 |
| - Adventists | 52,365 | 0.2 | 62,875 | 0.2 | +20.1 |
| - Christian Orthodox | 387,395 | 1.4 | 479,620 | 1.6 | +23.8 |
| - Greek Orthodox | 231,965 | 0.9 | 215,200 | 0.7 | -7.1 |
| - Christian, not included elsewhere¹ | 353,040 | 1.3 | 780,450 | 2.6 | +121.1 |
| Other | 1,148,060 | 4.3 | 1,988,635 | 6.7 | +73.2 |
| - Jewish | 318,185 | 1.2 | 329,995 | 1.1 | +3.7 |
| - Muslim | 253,265 | 0.9 | 579,640 | 2.0 | +128.9 |
| - Buddhist | 163,415 | 0.6 | 300,345 | 1.0 | +83.8 |
| - Hindu | 157,015 | 0.6 | 297,200 | 1.0 | +89.3 |
| - Sikh | 147,440 | 0.5 | 278,410 | 0.9 | +88.8 |
| No religion | 3,397,000 | 12.6 | 4,900,095 | 16.5 | +44.2 |
| ¹ Includes persons who report only "Christian", only "Protestant", and those in denominations less than 60,000 * For comparability purposes, 1991 data are presented according to 2001 boundaries. |
|||||
Note(s):
- Catholic includes Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, Polish National Catholic Church, and Old Catholic
- Other Religions also includes Bahá'í Faith, Eckankar, Jainism, Shinto, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, Aboriginal belief systems, Neo-Paganism, Wicca, Unity - New Thought - Pantheist, Scientology, Rastafari movement, New Age, Gnostic, Satanism, et cetera
- No Religion includes Atheism, Agnosticism, Humanism, et cetera
However, a more recent research in 2005 indicates that the non-religious group has risen significantly. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College writes of several academic sources who have in recent years placed atheism rates in Canada between 19% and 30%.[27]
[edit] Languages
Main article: Languages of Canada
Language used most often at work:[28]
Languages by language used most often at home:[29]
Languages by mother tongue:[28]
[edit] Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
The literacy rate of Canada was 99% in 2003.[30]
[edit] Education expenditures
- 5.2% of total GDP (2002)
[edit] City populations
- As of 2006, Canada's 13 largest cities (metro areas) have a combined population of 17,885,000
- Canada has 100 cities with 45,000 inhabitants or more for a combined population of 20,687,000
- Canada has 230 cities with 15,000 inhabitants or more
[edit] See also
 |
Book: Canada |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- 1666 census of New France
- Canada 1911 Census
- Canada 1996 Census
- Canada 2001 Census
- Canada 2006 Census
- Places in Canada with notable demographic characteristics
- Cahiers québécois de démographie academic journal
 |
Canada portal |
 |
History of Canada portal |
[edit] Notes
- ^ The population count appearing may differ from the official estimates and projections released by Statistics Canada. Data displayed is as a rough estimate of the current Canadian population. Source: "Canada's population clock". http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ig-gi/pop-ca-eng.htm.
- ^ Data for ethnic origin was collected by self-declaration, labels may not necessarily describe the true ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries. Source: "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000. Additional data: "2006 Census release topics". http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/rt-td/index-eng.cfm.
[edit] References
- ^ "Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present". Statistics Canada. 2009. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
- ^ "2011 Census Profile". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2009). "Population Estimates (October 2009)". http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/091223/t091223b2-eng.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2005). "Land and freshwater area, by province and territory (2005)". http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm?sdi=area. Retrieved 2007-07-22.
- ^ "Census Profile". 2.statcan.gc.ca. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2010). "Age Groups and Sex for Population of Canada (2010 Census)". http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-209-x/2011001/article/11511-eng.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971-2008 (pdf pages 83-85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)
- ^ "Canada Age structure". IndexMundi. 2010. http://www.indexmundi.com/canada/age_structure.html. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ "Births and total fertility rate, by province and territory". Statistics Canada. 2010. http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/hlth85b-eng.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
- ^ "International Programs - U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Parties prepare to battle for Immigrant votes". CTV.ca. 2010-03-14. http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20100314/Minority_Report_100314/20100314?hub=Canada. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-03-09. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=62911&APATH=3&METH=1&PTYPE=55440&THEME=44&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=99&GK=NA&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0&GID=431515. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-10-06. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "Total Population by Visible Minority Population(1), for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 1996 Census". Statcan.gc.ca. 2008-11-16. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/c1996-r1996/feb17-17fev/vm-mv-can-eng.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada". 2.statcan.ca. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Ethnicity/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=0&View=1&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=Counts. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "Visible Minority Groups". Statistics Canada. 2010. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92338&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=802&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ Aboriginal Identity (2006 Census). Retrieved 2009-10-14.
- ^ a b c d "Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts for both sexes, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". Statistics Canada. 2010. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-558/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&Sex=1&Age=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
- ^ Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census-20% Sample Data Click to view table notes, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL, YT, NT, NU. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ Number and percentage of population reporting Aboriginal identity, Canada, provinces and territories, 2006. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ Percentage of Aboriginal people in the population, Canada, provinces and territories, 2006 . Retrieved 2009-10-14.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2001). "Religions in Canada". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/rel/contents.cfm. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ Statistics Canada (1991). "Religion , Age Groups and Sex for Population of Canada". http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=55822&GID=431515&METH=1&APATH=3&PTYPE=55440&THEME=56&AID=0&FREE=0&FOCUS=0&VID=0&GC=0&GK=0&SC=1&SR=1&RL=0&CPP=99&RPP=9999&D1=1&D2=1&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0&d1=1&d2=0. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ Statistics Canada (2001). "Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census)". http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo30c.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
- ^ Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "Atheism—Contemporary numbers and Practices". In Michael Martin. The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press -. pp. 47–50. ISBN 0521842700. http://books.google.com/books?id=tAeFipOVx4MC&pg=PA47&dq=%22cambridge+companion+to+atheism%22&psp=1#PPA47,M1. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
- ^ a b Statistics Canada - Language used at work1 by frequency of language used at work and mother tongue, 2006 counts
- ^ The percentage figures cited are the top languages spoken as a home language in Canada, shown as a percentage of total single responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census Profile of Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order): Language, Mobility and Migration and Immigration and Citizenship. Ottawa, 2007, pp. 6-10. Data available online at: "Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home". 2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations. Statistics Canada. April 8, 2008. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=0&LANG=E&A=R&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=01&GID=837928&GK=1&GRP=1&O=D&PID=94817&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=702&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=0&D6=0. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
- ^ Gordon, Elaine H.; Gordon, Edward E. (2003). Literacy in America: historic journey and contemporary solutions. New York: Praeger. p. 255. ISBN 0-275-97864-8.
[edit] Further reading
Main article: Bibliography of Canada
- Bumsted, J. M (2003). Canada's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook. Library of Congress ( ABC-CLIO). ISBN 1576076725. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Pb5AvfpCZZkC&lpg=PA42&dq=The%20people%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Magocsi, Paul R (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples. Society of Ontario, University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0802029388. http://books.google.ca/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC&lpg=PA582&dq=Territorial%20evolution%20of%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Richard, Madeline (1992). Ethnic history and marital assimilation in Canada, 1871 and 1971. University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0774804319. http://books.google.ca/books?id=y00ho38YLGMC&lpg=PA164&dq=Ethnic%20origins%20of%20people%20in%20Canada&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Thornton, Russell (2000). Michael R. Haines, Richard Hall Steckel. ed. A population history of North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521496667. http://books.google.ca/books?id=BPdgiysIVcgC&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20population%20history%20of%20North%20America&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Wilson, Donna M; Northcott, Herbert C (2008). Dying and Death in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781551118734. http://books.google.com/books?id=p_pMVs53mzQC&lpg=PA25&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Roderic Beaujot and Don Kerr, (2007) The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population, Canadian Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-322-2.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Demographics of Canada |
- Canada Year Book (2010) - Statistics Canada
- Population estimates and projections, 2010 - 2036 - Statistics Canada
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