Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Spanish Wikipedia. (November 2010) Don't speak Spanish? Click here to read a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Click [show] on the right to review important translation instructions before translating.
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The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Spanish: Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN) is the highest federal court in the United Mexican States. It consists of a President of the Supreme Court (Chief Justice) and ten Ministers (Associate Justices) who are confirmed by the Senate from a list proposed by the President of the Republic.
Justices of the SCJN serve for fifteen years and are not eligible to serve a second term. From among their number, the justices elect the President of the Court to serve a four-year period; a given justice may serve more than one term as president, but not in consecutive periods.
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[edit] Supreme Court building
The court itself is located just off the main plaza of Mexico City on the corners of Pino Suarez and Carranza Streets. It was built between 1935 and 1941 by Antonio Muñoz Garcia. Prior to the Conquest, this site was reserved for the ritual known as "Dance of the Flyers" which is still practice today in Papantla. Hernan Cortes claimed the property after the Conquest and its ownership was in dispute during much of the colonial period with Cortes' heirs, the city government and the Royal and Pontifical University all claiming rights. It was also the site of a very large market known as El Volador.[1]
The interior of the building contains four panels painted in 1941 by José Clemente Orozco, two of which are named "The Social Labor Movement" and "National Wealth." There is also one mural done by American artist George Biddle entitled "War and Peace" at the entrance to the library.[1] The building also contains a mural by Rafael Cauduro, which "graphically illustrates the Gran Guignol of Mexican torture",[2] and includes a depiction of the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre as well as "a cut-away of a prison, perhaps the infamous Lecumberri Black Palace where the student leaders who escaped death were jailed."[2]
While this building is still the main home of the Court, an alternative site on Avenida Revolución was established in 2002.[3]
[edit] Current composition
Title | Name | Born | Appt. By | Senate Conf. vote | Age at appt. | Elected / Length of service |
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Chief Justice | Juan N. Silva Meza | September 13, 1944 (age 67) in Mexico City |
Ernesto Zedillo | 50 | January 26, 1995 17 years, 3 months |
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Justice | Sergio Salvador Aguirre Anguiano | February 1, 1943 (age 69) in Guadalajara, Jalisco |
Ernesto Zedillo | 51 | January 26, 1995 17 years, 3 months |
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Justice | Olga Sánchez Cordero | 1955 in Mexico City |
Ernesto Zedillo | 40 | January 26, 1995 17 years, 3 months |
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Justice | Guillermo Iberio Ortiz Mayagoitia | February 10, 1941 (age 71) in Misantla, Veracruz |
Ernesto Zedillo | 53 | October 27, 1995 16 years, 6 months |
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Justice | José Ramón Cossío Díaz | December 26, 1960 (age 51) in Mexico City |
Vicente Fox | 84 | 42 | December 12, 2003 8 years, 4 months |
Justice | Margarita Luna Ramos | January 4, 1956 (age 56) in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas |
Vicente Fox | 83 | 48 | February 19, 2004 8 years, 2 months |
Justice | Sergio Armando Valls Hernández | May 20, 1941 (age 70) in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas |
Vicente Fox | 85 | 63 | October 27, 2004 7 years, 6 months |
Justice | José Fernando Franco González Salas | December 4, 1950 (age 61) in Mexico City |
Vicente Fox | 94 | 56 | December 12, 2006 5 years, 4 months |
Justice | Luis María Aguilar Morales | November 4, 1949 (age 62) in Mexico City |
Felipe Calderón | 91 | 60 | December 1, 2009 2 years, 5 months |
Justice | Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea | August 9, 1959 (age 52) in Querétaro, Querétaro |
Felipe Calderón | 90 | 50 | December 1, 2009 2 years, 5 months |
Justice | Jorge Mario Pardo Rebolledo | February 1, 1961 in Xalapa, Veracruz |
Felipe Calderón | 91 | 50 | February 10, 2011 1 year, 2 months |
[edit] Chief Justices
The following have held the position of Chief Justice ("Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación") under the 1917 Constitution:
- 1917–1919: Enrique M. del Río
- 1919–1920: Ernesto Garza Pérez
- 1920–1922: Enrique Moreno Pérez
- 1922–1923: Gustavo A. Vicencio
- 1923–1924: Francisco Modesto Ramírez
- 1924–1925: Gustavo A. Vicencio
- 1925–1927: Manuel Padilla
- 1927–1928: Francisco Díaz Lombardo
- 1928–1929: Jesús Guzmán Vaca
- 1929–1933: Julio García
- 1934: Francisco H. Ruiz
- 1934–1940: Daniel V. Valencia
- 1941–1951: Salvador Urbina
- 1952: Roque Estrada Reynoso
- 1953: Hilario Medina
- 1954: José María Ortiz Tirado
- 1955–1956: Vicente Santos Guajardo
- 1957: Hilario Medina
- 1958: Agapito Pozo Balbás
- 1959–1964: Alfonso Guzmán Neyra
- 1965–1968: Agapito Pozo Balbás
- 1969–1973: Alfonso Guzmán Neyra
- 1974–1975: Euquerio Guerrero López
- 1976: Mario G. Rebolledo Fernández
- 1977–1981: Agustín Téllez Cruces
- 1982: Mario G. Rebolledo Fernández
- 1982–1985: Jorge Iñárritu y Ramírez de Aguilar
- 1986–1990: Carlos del Río Rodríguez
- 1991–1994: Ulises Schmill Ordóñez
- 1995–1999: José Vicente Aguinaco Alemán
- 1999–2002: Genaro David Góngora Pimentel
- 2002–2006: Mariano Azuela Güitrón
- 2007–2011: Guillermo Ortiz Mayagoitia
- 2011-incumbent: Juan N. Silva Meza
[edit] Associate Justices (Minister)
The following have held the position of Associate Justice ("Ministro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación") under the 1917 Constitution:
- 1917–1919:
- 1919–1920:
- 1920–1922:
- 1922–1923:
- 1923–1924:
- 1924–1925:
- 1925–1927:
- 1927–1928:
[edit] References
- ^ a b Galindo, Carmen; Magdalena Galindo (2002). Mexico City Historic Center. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia. p. 60. ISBN 968 5437 29 7.
- ^ a b John Ross, CounterPunch, 16 July 2010, In the Basement of Mexican Justice, No One is Innocent
- ^ "¿Qué es la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación y dónde se ubica?" (in Spanish). http://www.scjn.gob.mx/NR/exeres/BADD8530-3CF9-490B-B310-0550E875EB7D,frameless.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-24.[dead link]
[edit] External links
- (Spanish) Official site
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Coordinates: 19°25′52.01″N 99°7′55.58″W / 19.4311139°N 99.1321056°W