Kraft paper
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Kraft paper or kraft [1] is paper or paperboard (cardboard) produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process. Pulp produced by the kraft process is stronger than that made by other pulping processes; acidic sulfite processes degrade cellulose more, leading to weaker fibers, and mechanical pulping processes leave most of the lignin with the fibers, whereas Kraft pulping removes most of the lignin present originally in the wood. Low lignin is important to the resulting strength of the paper as the hydrophobic nature of lignin interferes with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between cellulose (and hemicellulose) in the fibers.[2]
Kraft pulp is darker than other wood pulps, but it can be bleached to make very white pulp. Fully bleached kraft pulp is used to make high quality paper where strength, whiteness and resistance to yellowing are important.
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[edit] Manufacture
Kraft paper is produced on paper machines with moderate machine speeds. The raw material is normally softwood pulp from the kraft process.
Maintaining a high effective sulfur ratio or sulfidity is important for the highest possible strength using the Kraft process.
The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes. All types of wood, including very resinous types like southern pine,[3] and non-wood species like bamboo and kenaf can be used in the kraft process.
[edit] Qualities
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It has been suggested that Sack kraft paper be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2011. |
- Normal kraft paper is strong and relatively coarse. It has high tensile strength. The grammage is normally from 40–135 g/m2.
- Sack kraft paper, or just sack paper is a porous kraft paper with high elasticity and high tear resistance, designed for packaging products with high demands for strength and durability.
- Absorbent kraft paper is made with controlled absorbency, i.e., a high degree of porosity. It is made of clean low kappa hardwood kraft and has to have a good uniformity and formation.
- Spinning kraft paper is an especially strong about kraft paper with relatively low grammage (40 g/m2). This paper requires the best possible machine direction strength and cross machine elongation. This is done by high fiber orientation on the papermachine.
- Hunting cartridge paper is a kraft paper used in shotgun shells. This paper needs a high tensile strength in the machine direction, which is the axial direction of the cartridges. In the cross direction, the cartridge is supported by the gun-pipe, but a sufficient elongation is needed. The body of the cartridge is wound of a kraft paper of 80–120 g/m2, which is further covered by an outer sheet of 60–80 g/m2 with colour and printing.
- Candy wrapping paper or twisting paper are thin 30–40 g/m2 kraft papers and is mostly flexo or offset printed. These papers requires a good strength, with highly oriented fibers. Twisting paper is mostly opaque and often supercalendered.
[edit] Applications
- Kraft papers are used in paper grocery bags, multiwall sacks, envelopes and other packaging.
- Kraft paper is a cheap material for lining particle boards.
- The base paper for sandpaper is normally kraft paper.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Derived from German Kraft,[1] meaning "strength" in this context, due to the strength of the paper produced using this process.
- ^ Hubbe, Martin a.; Lucian A. Lucia (2007). "The "Love-Hate" Relationship Present in Lignocellulosic Materials". BioResources 2 (4): 534–535. http://www.bioresourcesjournal.com/article/view/BioRes_2_4_534_535_Hubbe_Lucia_Love_and_Hate_Lignocellulosics/932. Retrieved 2007-09-15.[dead link][dead link]
- ^ "The Southern Pines" (PDF). US Department of Agriculture. 1985. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/usda/amwood/256spine.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
