Douglas Treaties
 Sir James Douglas |
|
| Drafted | 1850-1854 |
|---|---|
| Location | Colony of Vancouver Island |
| Parties | First Nations of Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island |
| Language | English |
The Douglas Treaties, Vancouver Island Treaties or the Fort Victoria Treaties were a series of treaties signed between certain First Nations on Vancouver Island and the Colony of Vancouver Island.
Contents |
[edit] Background
With the signing of the Oregon Treaty in 1846, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) determined that its trapping rights in the Oregon Territory were tenuous. Thus in 1849, it moved its western headquarters from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River (present day Vancouver, Washington) to Fort Victoria. Fort Vancouver's Chief Factor, James Douglas, was relocated to the young trading post to oversee the Company's operations west of the Rockies.
This development prompted the British colonial office to designate the territory a crown colony on January 13, 1849. The new colony, Colony of Vancouver Island, was immediately leased to the HBC for a ten-year period, and Douglas was charged with encouraging British settlement. Richard Blanshard was named the colony's governor. Blanshard discovered that the hold of the HBC over the affairs of the new colony was all but absolute, and that it was Douglas who held all practical authority in the territory. There was no civil service, no police, no militia, and virtually every British colonist was an employee of the HBC.
[edit] Treaties
As the colony expanded the HBC started buying up lands for colonial settlement and industry from aboriginal peoples on Vancouver Island.[1] For four years the governor, James Douglas, made a series of fourteen land purchases from aboriginal peoples. The Douglas Treaties cover approximately 930 square kilometres (360 sq mi) of land around Victoria, Saanich, Sooke, Nanaimo and Port Hardy, all on Vancouver Island that were exchanged for cash, clothing and blankets. They were able to retain existing village lands and fields for their use, and also were allowed to hunt and fish on the surrendered lands.[2]
These fourteen land purchases became the fourteen Treaties that make up the Douglas Treaties. Douglas didn't continue buying land due to lack of money and the slow growth of the Vancouver Island colony.[1]
[edit] Treaty Members
| Treaty First Nation Name | Modern First Nation Name | Land covered by Treaty | Money exchanged for land | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teechamitsa | Esquimalt First Nation | Country lying between Esquimalt and Point Albert | £27 10 shillings (UK £2,343 in 2013) | [3] |
| Kosampson | Esquimalt First Nation | Esquimalt Peninsula and Colquitz Valley | £52 10 shillings (UK £4,473 in 2013) | [3] |
| Whyomilth | Esquimalt First Nation | Northwest of Esquimalt Harbour | £30 (UK £2,556 in 2013) | [3] |
| Chewhaytsum | Becher Bay Band | Sooke | £45 ten shillings (UK £3,876 in 2013) | [3] |
| Chilcowitch | Songhees First Nation | Point Gonzales | £45 (UK £3,834 in 2013) | [3] |
| Che-ko-nein | Songhees First Nation | Point Gonzales to Cedar Hill | £79 10 shillings (UK £6,773 in 2013) | [3] |
| Sooke | T'sou-ke Nation | North-west of Sooke Inlet | £48 6 shillings 8 pence (UK £4,123 in 2013) | [3] |
| Ka-ky-aakan | Becher Bay Band | Metchosin | £43 6 shillings 8 pence (UK £3,697 in 2013) | [3] |
| Saanich Tribe (South) | Tsawout First Nation and Tsartlip First Nation First Nations | South Saanich | £41 13 shillings 4 pence (UK £3,544 in 2013) | [3] |
| Saanich Tribe (North) | Pauquachin First Nation and Tseycum First Nations | North Saanich | [amount not stated] | [3] |
| Saalequun | Snuneymuxw First Nation (Former Nanaimo Band) | [area not stated] | [amount not stated] | [3] |
| Swengwhung | Songhees First Nation | [area not stated] | [amount not stated] | [3] |
| Queackar | Kwakiutl (Kwawkelth) Band | Fort Rupert. | £64 (UK £5,452 in 2013) | [3] |
| Quakiolth | Kwakiutl (Kwawkelth) Band | Fort Rupert. | £86 (UK £7,327 in 2013) | [3] |
[edit] References
- ^ a b "Douglas Treaties: 1850-1854". Executive Council of British Columbia. 2009. http://www.gov.bc.ca/arr/treaty/landmark/douglas/default.html. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
- ^ "1811 - 1867: Pre-Confederation Treaties II". canadiana.org. 2009. http://www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/aboriginals/aboriginals5_e.html#douglas. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Douglas Treaty Payments" (PDF). Executive Council of British Columbia. llbc.leg.bc.ca. 2009. http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/PubDocs/bcdocs/406899/history_payment.pdf. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
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