Economy of Montreal

Tour de la Bourse (Stock Exchange Tower)

The Economy of Montreal is the second largest of all cities in Canada and the first in Quebec. The city is today a centre of commerce, industry, technology, culture, finance, and world affairs.

History

St. James Street was Canada's financial centre during the first three-quarters of the 20th century.

Montreal became an important centre of trade early in its history and surpassed Quebec City in importance even before its population became comparable to it. When Canada became part of the British Empire in 1763, the town was already the centre of the North American Fur Trade. Over the course of the 19th century, it grew to become the economic centre and the largest city of Canada in terms of population.

Montreal and Toronto

Main article: Toronto-Montreal rivalry

Further information: History of Montreal

Between the end of World War II and 1971, both Montreal and Toronto grew enormously in size. Between 1941 and 1951, Montreal's population grew by 20% and Toronto's by 25%. Over the next decade, it was 35% for Montreal and 45% for Toronto. From 1961 to 1971, it was a little below 20% for Montreal and 30% for Toronto. In the early 1970s, Toronto, the metropolis of Ontario, had surpassed Montreal in population size. This was 30 years after Toronto had begun challenging Montreal as the economic capital of Canada. Indeed, the volume of stocks traded at the Toronto Stock Exchange surpassed that traded at the Montreal Stock Exchange in the 1940s.

At the end of the 1960s, the independence movement in Quebec was in full swing due to a constitutional debate between the Ottawa and Quebec governments. Bill 101 was passed in 1977 and gave primacy to French as Quebec's (and Montreal's) only official language for government, the main language of business and culture, and enforced the exclusive use of French for public signage and business communication. Sovereignty was then addressed through the ballot box, with the Parti Québécois holding a referendum on the question in 1980. About 300,000 English-speaking Quebecers left Quebec in those decades. The extent of the transition was greater than the norm for major urban centres, with social and economic impacts, as a significant number of (mostly Anglophone) Montrealers, as well as businesses, migrated to other provinces (mostly Ontario, in the Toronto area), away from an uncertain political climate. The loss of many headquarters and the departure of a large anglophone business community is nevertheless believed to have lessened Montreal's economic and social importance.

Recovery

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Montreal experienced a slower rate of economic growth than many other major Canadian cities. By the late 1990s, however, Montreal's economic climate had improved, as new firms and institutions began to fill the traditional business and financial niches. As the city celebrated its 350th anniversary in 1992, construction began on its two newest and largest skyscrapers : 1000 de La Gauchetière and 1250 René-Lévesque. Montreal's improving economic conditions allowed further enhancements of the city infrastructure, with the expansion of the metro system, construction of new skyscrapers and the development of new highways including the start of a ring road around the island. The city also attracted several international organizations to move their secretariats into Montreal's Quartier International

Industries

1000 de la Gauchetière

Montreal industries include aerospace, electronic goods, pharmaceuticals, printed goods, software engineering, telecommunications, textile and apparel manufacturing, tobacco and transportation. The service sector is also strong and includes civil, mechanical and process engineering, finance, higher education, and research and development. In 2002, Montreal ranked as the 4th largest centre in North America in terms of aerospace jobs. Greater Montreal had a GDP of $120 billion in 2005, placing it 39th in the world. It is expected to grow to almost $126 billion in 2008 and $140 billion by 2012.

Port of Montreal

The Port of Montreal is the largest inland port in the world handling 26 million tonnes of cargo annually. As one of the most important ports in Canada, it remains a trans-shipment point for grain, sugar, petroleum products, machinery, and consumer goods. For this reason, Montreal is the railway hub of Canada and has always been an extremely important rail city; it is home to the headquarters of the Canadian National Railway, and was home to the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific Railway until 1995.

Ubisoft Montreal

Video Game Industry

The video game industry is also booming in Montreal since 1997, coinciding with the opening of Ubisoft Montreal.^{[citation needed]} Recently, the city has attracted world leading game developers and publishers studios such as Ubisoft, EA, Eidos Interactive, Artificial Mind and Movement, Bioware, and Strategy First, mainly because video games jobs have been heavily subsidized by the provincial government. Every year, this industry generates billions of dollars and thousands of jobs in the Montreal area.^{[citation needed]}

Arts

Montreal is also a centre of film and television production. The headquarters of Alliance Films and five studios of the Academy Award-winning documentary producer National Film Board of Canada can be found here, as well as the head offices of Telefilm Canada, the national feature-length film and television funding agency. Given its eclectic architecture and broad availability of film services and crew members, Montreal is a popular filming location for feature-length films, and sometimes stands in for European locations.^{[citation needed]} The city is also home to many recognized cultural, film and music festivals (Just For Laughs, Montreal Jazz Festival, and others), which contribute significantly to its economy. It is also home to one of the world's largest cultural enterprises, the Cirque du Soleil.^{[citation needed]}

In 2006 Montreal was named a UNESCO City of Design, only one of three design capitals of the world (with the others being Berlin and Buenos Aires). This distinguished title recognizes Montreal's design community. Since 2005 the city has also been home for the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda); the International Design Alliance (IDA).

Organizational and Corporate Headquarters

The headquarters of the Canadian Space Agency are located in Longueuil, southeast of Montreal. Montreal also hosts the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, a United Nations body); the World Anti-Doping Agency (an Olympic body); the International Air Transport Association (IATA); and the International Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce (IGLCC), as well as some 60 other international organizations in various fields (See below).

Air Canada Centre (French: Centre Air Canada), the headquarters of Air Canada

Molson Canadian beer making headquarters as seen from Old Montreal.

Several companies are headquartered in Greater Montreal including:

• AbitibiBowater (Pulp and paper manufacturing) - Global HQ
• ACE Aviation
• Air Canada - Airline (Canada's largest)
• Air Transat - Airline
• Alimentation Couche-Tard - Convenience store operator (Largest in Canada)^{[citation needed]}
• Bell Canada (Telecommunications and Media) - Global HQ
• Bombardier Inc. (Aircraft manufacturing, mass transportation equipment manufacturing and financial services provider) - Global HQ^{[citation needed]}
• CAE,^{[citation needed]}
• Canadian National Railway^{[citation needed]}
• CGI Group (Information technology) - Global HQ
• Cirque du Soleil^{[citation needed]}
• Desjardins Group,^{[citation needed]}
• Hydro-Québec^{[citation needed]}
• Laurentian Bank
• MEGA Brands^{[citation needed]}
• Molson
• National Bank of Canada^{[citation needed]}
• Power Corporation,^{[citation needed]}
• Pratt and Whitney Canada
• Quebecor^{[citation needed]}
• Rio Tinto Alcan^{[citation needed]}
• Saputo^{[citation needed]}
• SNC-Lavalin,
• Tembec^{[citation needed]}
• Transat A.T.
• Via Rail

Prior to its dissolution, the airline Jetsgo was headquartered in Montreal.

See also

• Board of Trade of Metropolitan Montreal

List of International Organizations based in Montreal:

Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)， Airports Council International (ACI) - The ICAO Bureau， Alternatives International (AlterInter)， Associated Research Centers for Urban Underground Space (ACUUS)， Association francophone internationale des directeurs d’établissements scolaires (AFIDES)， Civil Air Navigation Services (CANSO)， College of the Americas (COLAM)， Comité syndical francophone de l'éducation et de la formation (CSFEF)， Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC)， Conseil des Festivals Jumelés (CFJ)， Conseil francophone de la chanson (CFC)， Cospas-Sarsat， e8， FAMILIS -World Organisation for Families (WOF)， Finance Alliance for Sustainable Trade (FAST)， Foundation on Antivirals (FAV)， FRANCOPOL， Global Campaign for Climate Action (GCCA)， Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO)， Institute of Cultural Affairs International (ICAI)， International Academy of Law and Mental Health (IALMH)， International Air Transport Association (IATA)， International Bureau for Children's Rights (IBCR)， International Bureau of Social Tourism (BITS) - Secretariat for the Americas， International Business Aviation Council (IBAC)， International Centre for Accessible Transportation (ICAT)， International Centre for the Prevention of Crime (ICPC)， International Chrysotile Association (ICA)， International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)， International Council for Aerospace Training (ICAT)， International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda)， International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (Icsid)， International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association (ICDAA)，International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations (IFATCA)， International Federation of Coalitions for Cultural Diversity (IFCCD)， International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI)， International Federation of Translators (IFT)， International Forum of Public Universities (IFPU)， International Gay & Lesbian Chamber of Commerce (IGLCC)， International Institute for the Management of Major Metropolises (IIMMM)， International Institute of Integral Human Sciences (IIIHS)， International Political Science Association (IPSA)， International Secretariat for Water (ISW)， International Society for In Vitro Fertilization (ISIVF)， International Union of Psychological Science (IUPSYS)， Metropolis - World Association of Major Metropolises， Montreal International Forum (MIF)， Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol， North American Forum on Integration (NAFI)， Orbicom - The International Network of UNESCO Chairs in Communications， Public Population Project in Genetic (P3G)， Réseau mère-enfant de la francophonie (RMEF)， Rights & Democracy， Secrétariat international des infirmières et infirmiers de l’espace francophone (SIDIIEF)， Secrétariat international francophone pour l’évaluation environnementale (SIFÉE)， Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD)， SITA， Société internationale d'urologie (SIU)， The transplantation Society (TTS)， UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)， Union francophone des aveugles (UFA)， World Airlines Clubs Association (WACA)， World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)， World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC)， World Centre of Excellence for Destinations (CED)， World Confederation of Productivity Science (WCPS)， World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH)， World Lottery Association (WLA)